Help:阿拉伯語國際音標

下表為阿拉伯語發音在維基百科中用國際音標（IPA）表示的方式。

符號	英語近似發音	阿拉伯語字母	羅馬字轉寫	注释
A–B
a	father，但更短暫	َ ‎	a e	^[a]
aː	father	ا‎ ى‎	ā aa a	^[b]
aw	/a/+/w/	و‎	aw au o	^[c]
b	bee	ب‎	b	^[d]
D
d	deal	د‎	d	^[e]
dˤ	重音 /d/，接近於dark	ض‎	ḍ	^[f]^[e]
dʒ	jam	ج‎	j ǧ dj	^[g]
ð	these	ذ‎	dh ḏ	^[h]
ðˤ	重音 /ð/	ظ‎	ẓ	^[f]^[i]
E
eː	bay	ي‎	ay ey ai ei e	^[j]
F–H
f	father	ف‎	f	^[k]
h	he	ه‎	h
ħ	沒有對等的發音	ح‎	ḥ	^[l]
I–K
ɪ	sit^[1]	ِ ‎	i e	^[m]
iː	machine	ي‎	ī ee i	^[n]
j	yes	ي‎	y
k	skin	ك‎	k	^[o]
L–N
l	lease （公認發音）	ل‎	l
ɫ	tool	ل‎	l	^[p]
m	me	م‎	m
n	no	ن‎	n
O–R
θ	think	ث‎	th ṯ	^[h]
q	比較接近scar，但在小舌爆破而非在軟腭	ق‎	q g	^[q]
r	比較接近 ray	ر‎	r	^[r]
S
s	see	س‎	s
sˤ	重音 /s/，比較接近massage	ص‎	ṣ	^[f]
ʃ	she	ش‎	sh š ch
T–W
t	stik	ت‎（有时为ة‎）	t	^[e]^[o]
tˤ	重音 /t/，比較接近 star	ط‎	ṭ	^[f]^[e]
u	put	ُ ‎	u o ou	^[s]
uː	rule	و‎	ū oo ou u	^[t]
w	we	و‎	w
X–Z
x	蘇格蘭英語 loch，西班牙語 jota	خ‎	kh ḫ	^[u]
ɣ	西班牙語 fuego，法語 parler	غ‎	gh ġ	^[v]
z	zoo	ز‎	z
其他
ʔ	uh-oh!中的停頓	ء‎	ʾ ’ '	^[w]
ʕ	沒有對等發音	ع‎	ʿ ‘ ' `	^[x]^[y]
θ	见O–R
ˈ	[ˈkiːwi] كيوي‎ 'kiwi'	表示下面的字母發重音例如 /ˈʕarabiː/.
ː	[kiːs] كيس‎ 'sack'	表示前面的元音延長

註釋编辑

^ http://www.madinaharabic.com/Arabic_Reading_Course/Lessons/L000_002.html

^ Allophones of /a/ include [ɑ] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r] and [æ] elsewhere (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).
^ Allophones of /aː/ include [ɑː] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r]; and [æː] elsewhere (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).
^ In colloquial pronunciation, /aw/ may be realized as [oː]~[ɔː] may occur (Al-Ani 2008，第595頁; Kaye 1997，第198頁).
^ The letter ب‎ may represent [p] in foreign loanwords (sometimes written پ‎) as well as before voiceless consonants （Kaye 1997，p.193）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 /d dˤ t tˤ/ are realized as either dental, denti-alveolar or alveolar （Al-Ani 2008，p.597）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Emphatic consonants may be equally pharyngealized or velarized (Al-Ani 2008，第599頁; Kaye 1997，第193頁).
^ The letter ج‎ is pronounced as [ɡ] in Egypt, [ʒ] in the Levant and Maghreb (Al-Ani 2008，第598頁; Gairdner 1925，第23頁).
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 In non-standard pronunciations, /θ/ and /ð/ may be pronounced as [s] and [z] （Gairdner 1925，p.19, 81）.
^ The letter ظ‎ is realized as [ðˤ] or [zˤ] （Al-Ani 2008，p.601）.
^ In colloquial pronunciation, [eː] may be realized as /aj/~[ɛː] (Al-Ani 2008，第595頁; Kaye 1997，第198頁).
^ The letter ف‎ may represent [v] in foreign loanwords (sometimes written ڤ‎ or ڥ‎), and may be pronounced as well as before voiced consonants （Kaye 1997，p.193）.
^ /ħ/ is realized as [ħ] or [ʜ].
^ Allophones of /ɪ/ include [i]~[e] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r], [ħ], [ʕ] (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).
^ Allophones of /iː/ include [ɪː]~[ɨː] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r], [ħ], [ʕ] (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).
^ ^15.0 ^15.1 /k/ is usually aspirated （Al-Ani 2008，p.597–598）.
^ [ɫ] only occurs in the word Allah: [ɑɫˈɫɑh] (Al-Ani 2008，第600頁; Kaye 1997，第196頁).
^ /q/ may be pronounced as [ʔ] in Egypt and the Levant, [ɡ] or [ɢ] in other dialects （Gairdner 1925，p.26–27）.
^ /r/ is either a trill [r] or flap [ɾ]. May be velarized or pharyngealized as well （Al-Ani 2008，p.600）.
^ Allophones of /u/ include [ʊ]~[ɤ]~[o] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r], [ħ], [ʕ] (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).
^ Allophones of /uː/ include [ʊː]~[ɤː]~[oː] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r], [ħ], [ʕ] (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).
^ /x/ is realized as [x] or [χ].
^ /ɣ/ is realized as [ɣ] or [ʁ] (Al-Ani 2008，第599頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第598頁; Gairdner 1925，第26頁).
^ /ʔ/ is usually written above or below three letters: أ‎, إ‎, آ‎, ئ‎, ؤ‎.
^ /ʕ/ is realized as [ʕ] or [ʔˤ] (Al-Ani 2008，第599頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第51頁).
^ /ʢ/ Neither pharyngeal nor fricative, but is more correctly described as a creaky-voiced epiglottal approximant (Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:167–168頁)).

参考资料编辑

Al-Ani, Salman H. Phonetics. Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics III. Brill. 2008: 593–603.
Gairdner, W. H. T. The Phonetics of Arabic. Oxford University Press. 1925.
Kaye, Alan S. Arabic phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa I. 1997: 187–204.
Kaye, Alan S. Arabic. Comrie, Bernard (编). The World’s Major Languages (PDF) 2nd. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. 2009: 560–577. ISBN 978-0-415-35339-7.
Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian. The Sounds of the World’s Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. 1996. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
Mitchell, T. F. Pronouncing Arabic I. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1990.
Thelwall, Robin; Sa'adeddin, M. Akram. Arabic. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge University Press. 1999: 51–54.

[13] ttp://www.madinaharabic.com/Arabic_Reading_Course/Lessons/L000_002.html

[a-1] Allophones of /a/ include [ɑ] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r] and [æ] elsewhere (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).

[aa-2] Allophones of /aː/ include [ɑː] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r]; and [æː] elsewhere (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).

[au-3] In colloquial pronunciation, /aw/ may be realized as [oː]~[ɔː] may occur (Al-Ani 2008，第595頁; Kaye 1997，第198頁).

[p-4] The letter ب‎ may represent [p] in foreign loanwords (sometimes written پ‎) as well as before voiceless consonants （Kaye 1997，p.193）.

[d-a-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 /d dˤ t tˤ/ are realized as either dental, denti-alveolar or alveolar （Al-Ani 2008，p.597）.

[emph-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Emphatic consonants may be equally pharyngealized or velarized (Al-Ani 2008，第599頁; Kaye 1997，第193頁).

[j-7] The letter ج‎ is pronounced as [ɡ] in Egypt, [ʒ] in the Levant and Maghreb (Al-Ani 2008，第598頁; Gairdner 1925，第23頁).

[dental-8] 8.0 ^8.1 In non-standard pronunciations, /θ/ and /ð/ may be pronounced as [s] and [z] （Gairdner 1925，p.19, 81）.

[d'-9] The letter ظ‎ is realized as [ðˤ] or [zˤ] （Al-Ani 2008，p.601）.

[ai-10] In colloquial pronunciation, [eː] may be realized as /aj/~[ɛː] (Al-Ani 2008，第595頁; Kaye 1997，第198頁).

[v-11] The letter ف‎ may represent [v] in foreign loanwords (sometimes written ڤ‎ or ڥ‎), and may be pronounced as well as before voiced consonants （Kaye 1997，p.193）.

[h-12] /ħ/ is realized as [ħ] or [ʜ].

[ɪ-14] Allophones of /ɪ/ include [i]~[e] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r], [ħ], [ʕ] (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).

[ii-15] Allophones of /iː/ include [ɪː]~[ɨː] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r], [ħ], [ʕ] (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).

[asp-16] 15.0 ^15.1 /k/ is usually aspirated （Al-Ani 2008，p.597–598）.

[Allah-17] [ɫ] only occurs in the word Allah: [ɑɫˈɫɑh] (Al-Ani 2008，第600頁; Kaye 1997，第196頁).

[q-18] /q/ may be pronounced as [ʔ] in Egypt and the Levant, [ɡ] or [ɢ] in other dialects （Gairdner 1925，p.26–27）.

[r-19] /r/ is either a trill [r] or flap [ɾ]. May be velarized or pharyngealized as well （Al-Ani 2008，p.600）.

[u-20] Allophones of /u/ include [ʊ]~[ɤ]~[o] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r], [ħ], [ʕ] (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).

[uu-21] Allophones of /uː/ include [ʊː]~[ɤː]~[oː] before emphatic consonants and [q], [r], [ħ], [ʕ] (Al-Ani 2008，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第52–53頁; Kaye 1997，第193, 197頁).

[x-22] /x/ is realized as [x] or [χ].

[gh-23] /ɣ/ is realized as [ɣ] or [ʁ] (Al-Ani 2008，第599頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第598頁; Gairdner 1925，第26頁).

[hamza-24] /ʔ/ is usually written above or below three letters: أ‎, إ‎, آ‎, ئ‎, ؤ‎.

[ayn-25] /ʕ/ is realized as [ʕ] or [ʔˤ] (Al-Ani 2008，第599頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999，第51頁).

[ayn2-26] /ʢ/ Neither pharyngeal nor fricative, but is more correctly described as a creaky-voiced epiglottal approximant (Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:167–168頁)).

[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[g]

[h]

[i]

[j]

[k]

[l]

[1]

[m]

[n]

[o]

[p]

[q]

[r]

[s]

[t]

[u]

[v]

[w]

[x]

[y]