Help:拉脱維亞話國際音標

音標编辑

大多基於Nau, Nicole, Latvian, Lincom Europa: 66, 1998, ISBN 3-89586-228-2 。

IPA	例	大約漢聲母
子音
p	pipari [ˈpipːari], skābs [skaːps]^[1]	多數方言的幫母
b	bāka [baːka]^[2]	閩南語「閩」
m	man [man]	多數方言的明母
f	fosfors [ˈfosfɔːrs]^[3]	官、粵非母
v	vai [vai]	吳語「飯」
t	tas [tas]	多數方言的端母
d	diena [diɛna], atdarīt [ˈadːariːt]^[2]	吳語「甜」
n	nav [naʊ]	多數方言的泥母
l	lai [lai]	多數方言的來母
s	suns [suns], mazs [masː]^[1]	多數方言的心母
z	zināt [zinaːt]	潮州話「熱」
ts	celts [tsælts], sods [suɔts]^[1]	多數方言的精母
dz	dzimt [dzimt]	汕頭話「日」
ʃ	seši [seʃi], mežs [meʃː]^[1]	ship
ʒ	daži [daʒi]	衢州話「床」
tʃ	četri [t͡ʃetri]	chop
ʃtʃ	šķirt [ʃt͡ʃirt], lietišķs [liɛtiʃt͡ʃs]	英文fresh cheese
dʒ	dadži [dad͡ʒi]	衢州話「陳」
r	"re kur!" [reˌkur]	rolled r
c	ķēķis [ceːcis]	choose和skew間
ɟ	ģērbt [ɟeːrpt]	June和argue間
ɲ	ņemt [ɲemt]	梅縣話、上海話日母
ʎ	ļoti [ʎuɔti]	部分英方言million
j	jā [jaː]	多數方言的以母
k	kāpt [kaːpt], smags [smaks]^[1]	多數方言的見母
ɡ	gūt [guːt], ikdiena [ˈigdiɛna]^[2]	閩南語「五」、吳語「共」
ŋ	bungas [buŋgas]	粵、吳「吳」
x	heterohromija [ˈxeteroxrɔːmija]^[3]	官話「好」

IPA	例	大約漢韻母
單母音（漢語應該沒有分長短母音之方言，有「ː」者請拉長來讀、自行想像）
a	dakša [dakʃa]	官、粵麻韻
aː	pār [paːr]	官、粵麻韻
æ	(viņš) bed [bæd]	蘇州話「遙」
æː	bēda [bæːda]	蘇州話「遙」
e	bet [bet]	粵語「車」
eː	ēst [eːst]	粵語「車」
ɔ	operācija [ˈɔpːeraːtsija]^[4]	粵語科韻
ɔː	opera [ɔːpera]^[4]	粵語科韻
i	viss [visː]	官、粵「衣」
iː	vīst [viːst]	官、粵「衣」
u	un [un]	官、粵「烏」
uː	būt [buːt]	官、粵「烏」
雙母音^[5]
ai	tai [tai]^[6]	官、粵「拜」
au	tauta [tauta]	官、粵肴韻
ɛi	vei [vɛi]^[6]	官、粵微韻
ɛu	tev [tɛu], Eugēnija [ˈɛugeːnija]^[7]	粵語「掉」白讀
oi	ahoi [aˈhɔi]^[6]^[8]	粵語開韻
ɔu	boulings [bɔuliŋks]	粵語「煲」
iɛ	diena [diɛna]	官、粵「耶」
iu	pliukšķis [pliukʃt͡ʃis]^[8]	粵語宵韻
uɔ	lolojot [luɔluɔjuɔt]^[4]	官「我」、粵「禾」
ui	fui [fui]^[6]	粵語灰韻
元音間隙
.	分隔不是雙母音的母音簇：neilgs [ˈne.ilks]，triumfs [ˈtri.umfs]，neieiet [ˈne.iɛ.iɛt]
重音
ˈ	重音（幾乎都在字詞首音節且用萬國音標標示拉脫維亞話時可省略）
長子音
ː	長母音或長子音（只限響音）

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Before the masculine ending -s, voiced consonants are devoiced: smags → [smaks]. The -s is assimilated after a devoiced fricative, producing a long consonant: mazs → [masː] and mežs → [meʃː]. Devoicing also occurs in compounds: labprātīgs → [ˈlapːraːtiːks] or [ˈlapˌpraːtiːks].
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 An unvoiced consonant, in a compound, followed by a voiced consonant becomes voiced: atdarīt → [ˈadːariːt] or [ˈadˌdariːt].
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 [f] and [x] occur only in loanwords.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 The letter ⟨o⟩ in Latvian orthography usually represents the diphthong [uɔ]): Lithuanian nuoma and Latvian noma. [ɔ] and its long counterpart, [ɔː], occur only in loanwords.
^ DIVSKAŅI. [3 May 2024].
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 In closed syllables, [ai], [ɛi], [oi], and [ui] may be transcribed as vowel-glide sequences: tais [tajs], veikt [vɛjkt], boikots [bɔjkɔts], and muita [mujta].
^ Only in loanwords and onomatopoeiatic words or as the result of vocalization in open syllables of [v].
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Only in loanwords or onomatopoeiatic words.