Bakterier

Bakterier (af græsk βακτήριον baktērion, "lille stav") er éncellede mikroskopiske organismer uden cellekerner eller andre organeller, dvs. at arvemassen i cellen ikke er adskilt fra resten af cellen af en kernemembran. Bakterier (også kaldet eubakterier) regnes til prokaryoterne, dvs. "før kerne", som også omfatter arkæer (tidligere kaldet arkebakterier/urbakterier). De klassificeres i dag som to selvstændige domæner, mens eukaryoterne (éncellede og flercellede organismer med cellekerne) udgør et tredje domæne.

Bakterier
Escherichia coli-celler forstørret 15.000 gange.
Videnskabelig klassifikation
Overdomæne	Biota
Domæne	Bacteria
Rækker
Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacterium Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia
Hjælp til læsning af taksobokse

Bakterier kan opdeles i to typer baseret på opbygningen af deres cellemembran – grampositive og gramnegative. De kan have meget forskelligt udseende, runde, stavformede eller spiralformede.De får deres energi fra vidt forskellige kilder, f.eks. ved nedbrydning af førne (dødt organisk materiale), fotosyntese eller radioaktiv stråling. De udgør et vigtigt led i fødekæder, f.eks. ved kvælstoffiksering fra jordens atmosfære, og udfører vigtige processer i eukaryoters stofskifte.

Studiet af bakterier kaldes for bakteriologi og er en gren inden for mikrobiologien.

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