小行星15094

小行星

波吕墨勒15094 Polymele/pɒlɪˈml/是來自原始特洛伊小行星希臘營的小行星,直徑約為21公里(13英里)。它是露西號太空船預計在2027年9月近距離飛越的目標[9][12]。這顆小行星在1999年11月17日被天文學家從美國亞利桑那州萊蒙山天文台卡特林那巡天系統中發現。它是顆P-型小行星自轉週期5.9小時,形狀可能是球形[11]。它以希臘神話中的波吕墨勒英语Polymele命名,是Menoetius的妻子和Patroclus的母親[1]。在2022年報導,它是雙小行星,其伴星的直徑約為5公里(3.1英里)[13]

15094 Polymele
哈伯太空望遠鏡在2018年拍攝的Polymele影像。
发现[1]
發現者CSS
發現地Mount Lemmon Obs.
發現日期1999年11月17日
編號
命名依據波吕墨勒英语Polymele
(希臘神話)[1]
其它名稱1999 WB2 · 1997 WR57
小行星分類木星特洛伊[1][2]
希臘營[3]
軌道參數[2]
曆元 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
不確定參數 0
觀測弧24.10 yr(8,803日)
遠日點5.6537 AU
近日點4.6781 AU
半長軸5.1659 AU
離心率0.0944
軌道週期11.74 年(4,289日)
平近點角253.43°
軌道傾角12.990°
升交點黃經50.318°
近日點參數4.6684°
與木星最小軌道相交距離0.2252 AU
物理特徵
自轉週期5.8607±0.0005 h[5]
幾何反照率0.073[5]
0.091[6][7][8]
光譜類型P[9]
B–V = 0.652±0.065[10]
V–R = 0.477±0.065[10]
V–I = 0.799±0.068[10]
絕對星等(H)11.60[1][2][7][8][11]
11.691±0.002 (S/R)[5]

軌道和分類编辑

“波吕墨勒”是一顆木星特洛伊(或木星小行星),在木星的L4拉格朗日點,領先氣體巨星在木星軌道前方60°希臘營中運行("參見特洛伊天體")。它每11年9個月(4,289天;半長軸為5.17AU)繞行太陽公轉一圈,距離為4.7-5.7AU。它的軌道相對於黃道離心率為0.09,傾斜為13°[2]。後來由“數位化巡天英语Digitized Sky Survey”發佈,這顆小行星的觀測弧始於1951年在帕洛瑪天文臺拍攝的回溯發現,在萊蒙山正式發現觀測它之前48年[1]

命名编辑

這顆小行星是以希臘神話佩琉斯(Peleus)的女兒波吕墨勒英语Polymele(Polymele)命名。根據拉丁作家Gaius Julius Hginus(約西元前64年-西元17年),她是阿爾戈納人Menoeteus英语Menoeteus的妻子和Patroclus的母親,後者參與了特洛伊戰爭[1]。波吕墨勒也被稱為"菲洛梅拉英语Philomela (mother of Patroclus)";該名稱已經用於小行星196 Philomela。波吕墨勒的命名由小行星中心於2016年2月22日發佈(小行星通告98711[14]

露西任務目標编辑

波吕墨勒是2021年發射的露西號太空船計畫前往探訪的目標。這次飛掠定於2027年9月15日進行,將以每秒6公里的速度接近小行星至415公里[9]

物理特性编辑

波吕墨勒被"露西"任務的調查人員描述為原始的P-型小行星[9];P-型小行星以其低反照率而聞名。它的V–I為0.799[10],這低於大多數較大的木星特洛伊"(見下表)"。

直徑和反照率编辑

根據NASA的廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星NEOWISE任務進行的調查,測量波吕墨勒的直徑為21.075公里,其表面的反照率為0.091[6][7][8],而在2018年,馬克·布傑英语Marc Buie在S-和/或R波段發表了0.073的反照率和11.691的絕對星等[5]。 “協作小行星光曲線連結”假設碳質小行星的標準反照率為0.057,並根據11.6的絕對星等計算出更大的直徑26.64公里[11]

光變曲線编辑

2016年3月,從馬克·布傑英语Marc Buie和大學的光度觀測中獲得波吕墨勒自轉的光變曲線。光變曲線的分析給出了5.8607±0.0005小時的自轉週期0.09±0.03星等U=2-)的微量振幅,表示該小行星具有球形[5]。此前,"露西"任務團隊分別公佈了6.1小時和4小時的自轉速率[9][12]

衛星编辑

在2022年3月26日的掩星中發現了波吕墨勒的衛星。

在2022年3月26日觀測到掩星之後,據報導,波吕墨勒有一顆衛星。這顆衛星是一顆較小的小行星,直徑約為5公里(3.1英里),距離200 km(120 mi),軌道幾乎就在波吕墨勒的赤道平面上[13]。在進一步觀測確定其軌道之前,它不會被正式命名。露西科學團隊用臨時的非正式名稱"肖恩"(Shaun)來稱呼這顆伴星。這是阿德曼動畫公司創作的笑笑羊的名字[15]

100+ largest Jupiter trojans
Largest Jupiter Trojans by survey(A)
(mean-diameter in kilometers; YoD: Year of Discovery)
DesignationHWISEIRASAkariLnRPV–IYoDRef
624 Hektor7.2225233230.99L46.920.9301907list
617 Patroclus8.19140.362140.92140.85L5102.800.8301906list
911 Agamemnon7.89131.038166.66185.30L46.590.9801919list
588 Achilles8.67130.099135.47133.22L47.310.9401906list
3451 Mentor8.4126.288116.30117.91L57.700.7701984list
3317 Paris8.3118.790116.26120.45L57.090.9501984list
1867 Deiphobus8.3118.220122.67131.31L558.660.9301971list
1172 Äneas8.33118.020142.82148.66L58.710.9501930list
1437 Diomedes8.3117.786164.31172.60L424.490.8101937list
1143 Odysseus7.93114.624125.64130.81L410.110.8601930list
2241 Alcathous8.64113.682114.63118.87L57.690.9401979list
659 Nestor8.99112.320108.87107.06L415.980.7901908list
3793 Leonteus8.7112.04686.2687.58L45.620.7801985list
3063 Makhaon8.4111.655116.14114.34L48.640.8301983list
1583 Antilochus8.6108.842101.62111.69L431.540.9501950list
884 Priamus8.81101.09396.29119.99L56.860.9001917list
1208 Troilus8.99100.477103.34111.36L556.170.7401931list
1173 Anchises8.8999.549126.27120.49L511.600.7801930list
2207 Antenor8.8997.65885.1191.32L57.970.9501977list
2363 Cebriones9.1195.97681.8484.61L520.050.9101977list
4063 Euforbo8.795.619102.46106.38L48.850.9501989list
2357 Phereclos8.9494.62594.9098.45L514.390.9601981list
4709 Ennomos8.591.43380.8580.03L512.280.6901988list
2797 Teucer8.789.430111.14113.99L410.150.9201981list
2920 Automedon8.888.574111.01113.11L410.210.9501981list
15436 Dexius9.187.64685.7178.63L48.970.8701998list
3596 Meriones9.287.38075.0973.28L412.960.8301985list
2893 Peiroos9.2386.88487.4686.76L58.960.9501975list
4086 Podalirius9.185.49586.8985.98L410.430.8701985list
4060 Deipylos9.384.04379.2186.79L49.300.7601987list
1404 Ajax9.383.99081.6996.34L429.380.9601936list
4348 Poulydamas9.582.03270.0887.51L59.910.8401988list
5144 Achates9.080.95891.9189.85L55.960.9201991list
4833 Meges8.980.16587.3389.39L414.250.9401989list
2223 Sarpedon9.4177.48094.63108.21L522.740.8801977list
4489 Dracius9.076.59592.9395.02L412.580.9501988list
2260 Neoptolemus9.3176.43571.6581.28L48.180.9501975list
5254 Ulysses9.276.14778.3480.00L428.720.9701986list
3708 Socus9.375.66179.5976.75L56.550.9801974list
2674 Pandarus9.174.26798.10101.72L58.481.0001982list
3564 Talthybius9.473.73068.9274.11L440.590.9001985list
4834 Thoas9.172.33186.8296.21L418.190.9501989list
7641 Cteatus9.471.83968.9775.28L427.770.9801986list
3540 Protesilaos9.370.22576.8487.66L48.950.9401973list
11395 Iphinous9.868.97764.7167.78L417.381998list
4035 Thestor9.668.73368.2366.99L413.470.9701986list
5264 Telephus9.468.47273.2681.38L49.530.9701991list
1868 Thersites9.568.16370.0878.89L410.480.9601960list
9799 Thronium9.668.03364.8772.42L421.520.9101996list
4068 Menestheus9.567.62562.3768.46L414.400.9501973list
23135 Pheidas9.966.23058.2968.50L48.690.8602000list
2456 Palamedes9.365.91691.6699.60L47.240.9201966list
3709 Polypoites9.165.29799.0985.23L410.041.0001985list
1749 Telamon9.564.89881.0669.14L416.980.9701949list
3548 Eurybates9.663.88572.1468.40L48.710.7301973list
4543 Phoinix9.763.83662.7969.54L438.871.2001989list
12444 Prothoon9.863.83564.3162.41L515.821996list
4836 Medon9.563.27767.7378.70L49.820.9201989list
16070 Charops9.763.19164.1368.98L520.240.9601999list
15440 Eioneus9.662.51966.4871.88L421.430.9701998list
4715 Medesicaste9.762.09763.9165.93L58.810.8501989list
34746 Thoon9.861.68460.5163.63L519.630.9502001list
38050 Bias9.861.60361.0450.44L418.850.9901998list
5130 Ilioneus9.760.71159.4052.49L514.770.9601989list
5027 Androgeos9.659.78657.86n.a.L411.380.9101988list
6090 Aulis9.459.56874.5381.92L418.480.9801989list
5648 Axius9.759.29563.91n.a.L537.560.9001990list
7119 Hiera9.759.15076.4077.29L44000.9501989list
4805 Asteropaios10.057.64753.1643.44L512.371990list
16974 Iphthime9.857.34155.4357.15L478.90.9601998list
4867 Polites9.857.25158.2964.29L511.241.0101989list
2895 Memnon10.056.70655.67n.a.L57.500.7101981list
4708 Polydoros9.954.96455.67n.a.L57.520.9601988list
(21601) 1998 XO8910.054.90955.6756.08L412.650.9701998list
12929 Periboea9.954.07761.0455.34L59.270.8801999list
17492 Hippasos10.053.97555.67n.a.L517.751991list
5652 Amphimachus10.153.92153.1652.48L48.371.0501992list
2759 Idomeneus9.953.67661.0152.55L432.380.9101980list
5258 Rhoeo10.253.27550.77n.a.L419.851.0101989list
(12126) 1999 RM1110.153.202n.a.n.a.L5n.a.?1999list
(15502) 1999 NV2710.053.10055.6750.86L515.130.8751999list
4754 Panthoos10.053.02553.1556.96L527.681977list
4832 Palinurus10.052.05853.16n.a.L55.321.0001988list
5126 Achaemenides10.551.92244.2248.57L453.021989list
3240 Laocoon10.251.69550.77n.a.L511.310.8801978list
4902 Thessandrus9.851.26361.0471.79L47380.9601989list
11552 Boucolion10.151.13653.1653.91L532.441993list
(20729) 1999 XS14310.450.96146.30n.a.L45.721.0001999list
6545 Leitus10.150.95153.16n.a.L416.260.9101986list
4792 Lykaon10.150.87053.16n.a.L540.090.9601988list
21900 Orus10.050.81055.6753.87L413.450.9501999list
1873 Agenor10.150.79953.7654.38L520.601971list
5028 Halaesus10.250.77050.77n.a.L424.940.9001988list
2146 Stentor9.950.75558.29n.a.L416.401976list
4722 Agelaos10.050.37853.1659.47L518.440.9101977list
5284 Orsilocus10.150.15953.16n.a.L410.310.9701989list
11509 Thersilochos10.149.96053.1656.23L517.371990list
5285 Krethon10.149.60658.5352.61L412.041.0901989list
4791 Iphidamas10.149.52857.8559.96L59.701.0301988list
9023 Mnesthus10.149.15150.7760.80L530.661988list
5283 Pyrrhus9.748.35664.5869.93L47.320.9501989list
4946 Askalaphus10.248.20952.7166.10L422.730.9401988list
(22149) 2000 WD4910.248.19050.7750.37L47.841.0902000list
(32496) 2000 WX18210.248.01750.7751.63L523.340.9502000list
5120 Bitias10.247.98750.77n.a.L515.210.7801988list
12714 Alkimos10.147.81961.0454.62L428.481991list
7352 Hypsenor9.947.73155.67 47.07L56480.8501994list
1870 Glaukos10.647.64942.23n.a.L55.991971list
4138 Kalchas10.146.46253.1661.04L429.20.8101973list
(23958) 1998 VD3010.246.00150.7747.91L45620.9901998list
4828 Misenus10.445.95446.30 43.22L512.870.9201988list
4057 Demophon10.145.68353.16n.a.L429.821.0601985list
4501 Eurypylos10.445.52446.30n.a.L46.051989list
4007 Euryalos10.345.51548.4853.89L46.391973list
5259 Epeigeus10.344.74142.5944.42L418.421989list
30705 Idaios10.444.54646.30n.a.L515.741977list
16560 Daitor10.743.86151.4243.38L51991list
(15977) 1998 MA1110.443.53046.3051.53L52500.9061998list
7543 Prylis10.642.89342.23n.a.L417.801973list
4827 Dares10.542.77044.22n.a.L519.001988list
1647 Menelaus10.542.71644.22n.a.L417.740.8661957list
(A) Used sources: WISE/NEOWISE catalog (NEOWISE_DIAM_V1 PDS, Grav, 2012); IRAS data (SIMPS v.6 catalog); and Akari catalog (Usui, 2011); RP: rotation period and V–I (color index) taken from the LCDB

Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB (query) and from the LCDB (query form) for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.

參考資料编辑

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 15094 Polymele (1999 WB2). Minor Planet Center. [8 March 2018]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-14). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 15094 Polymele (1999 WB2) (2015-06-10 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. [26 September 2018]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-23). 
  3. ^ List of Jupiter Trojans. Minor Planet Center. 20 June 2016 [8 March 2018]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-22). 
  4. ^ 'Polymela'在Noah Webster (1884) 英語實用寶典
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Buie, Marc W.; Zangari, Amanda M.; Marchi, Simone; Levison, Harold F.; Mottola, Stefano. Light Curves of Lucy Targets: Leucus and Polymele (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. June 2018, 155 (6): 11 [26 September 2018]. Bibcode:2018AJ....155..245B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabd81 . (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-31). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy. The Astrophysical Journal. November 2012, 759 (1): 10. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. S2CID 119101711. arXiv:1209.1549 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49.  (online catalog页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0. NASA Planetary Data System. June 2016: EAR–A–COMPIL–5–NEOWISEDIAM–V1.0 [26 September 2018]. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. (原始内容存档于2023-03-07). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results. The Astrophysical Journal. November 2011, 741 (2): 25. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. S2CID 118700974. arXiv:1109.6407 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.  (catalog页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Levison, H. F.; Olkin, C.; Noll, K. S.; Marchi, S.; Lucy Team. Lucy: Surveying the Diversity of the Trojan Asteroids: The Fossils of Planet Formation (PDF). 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. March 2017, (1964): 2025 [13 April 2017]. Bibcode:2017LPI....48.2025L. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-17). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Hainaut, O. R.; Boehnhardt, H.; Protopapa, S. Colours of minor bodies in the outer solar system. II. A statistical analysis revisited. Astronomy and Astrophysics. October 2012, 546: 20. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A.115H. S2CID 54776793. arXiv:1209.1896 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219566. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 LCDB Data for (15094) Polymele. Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). [26 September 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-07). 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Buie, Marc W.; Zangari, Amanda Marie; Marchi, Simone; Mottola, Stefano; Levison, Harold F. Ground-based characterization of Leucus and Polymele, two fly-by targets of the Lucy Discovery mission. American Astronomical Society. October 2016, 48: 208.06. Bibcode:2016DPS....4820806B. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Clark, Stephen. Ninth asteroid added to Lucy mission; optimism grows on solar array issue. Spaceflight Now. 14 June 2022 [15 June 2022]. (原始内容存档于2023-01-01). 
  14. ^ MPC/MPO/MPS Archive. Minor Planet Center. [8 March 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-26). 
  15. ^ NASA’s Lucy Team Discovers Moon Around Asteroid Polymele. NASA. 16 August 2022 [17 August 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-25). 

外部連結编辑