GD 165

**GD 165**
觀測資料; 曆元 J2000
星座	牧夫座
星官
赤經	14h 24m 39.144s
赤緯	09° 17′ 13.98″
視星等（V）
參考資料庫
GD 165 A
SIMBAD	资料
參考資料庫
GD 165 B
SIMBAD	资料

天球赤道座標： 14^h 24^m 39.144^s，+09° 17′ 13.98″

GD 165是由一顆白矮星和一顆棕矮星組成的聯星系統，它們的光譜是 DA4^[2] + L4,^[3]，位於牧夫座，距離地球大約103光年^[3]。

觀測的歷史编辑

名稱编辑

"GD"的意思是"吉克拉斯的矮星"^[4]。

伴星的發現编辑

GD 165 B是在1988年被Becklin和Zuckerman^[5]發現的。它是第一顆L-型的棕矮星，並且是第一顆被發現溫度比M矮星^[6]低的天體。但是，一直到1990年代，其他的天體也被發現，從葛利澤229B開始之後，它才被確認是一顆棕矮星^[7]^[8]。

伴星光譜類型的賦予编辑

最初，它的光譜暫時被分配為≥M10，但是在1999年，柯克派翠克（Kirkpatrick）等人創立了新的光譜類型L和T，為新近發現溫度比M型更低的天體分類，GD 165B被重新歸類為L4。

距離编辑

目前，對GD 165的距離最精確的估計是由van Altena等人所出版的YPC三角視差。在1995年：31.7 ± 2.5 mas，相當於31.5+2.7
−2.3 秒差距，或 102.9+8.8
−7.5 光年^[3]。

GD 165的距離估計

來源	視差，mas	距離，秒差距	距離，光年	Ref.
van Altena et al. (1995)	31.7 ± 2.5	31.5+2.7 −2.3	102.9+8.8 −7.5	^[3]
Tinney et al. (1995)	25.4 ± 7.4	39.4+16.2 −8.9	128.4+52.8 −29.0	^[9]^[1]

最佳的估計值以粗體標示。

物理性質编辑

GD 165 B的溫度介於1800—1900 K^[3]。

參考資料编辑

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 V* CX Boo -- Pulsating White Dwarf. SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. [2013-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-16）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Charles A. Beichman, Michael F. Skrutskie. The Coolest Isolated M Dwarf and Other 2MASS Discoveries. The Astrophysical Journal. 1997, 476 (1): 311 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/303613 （英语）.
^ ^3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 J. Davy Kirkpatrick, I. Neill Reid, James Liebert, Roc M. Cutri, Brant Nelson, Charles A. Beichman, Conard C. Dahn, David G. Monet, John E. Gizis, Michael F. Skrutskie. Dwarfs Cooler than "M": The Definition of Spectral Type "L" Using Discoveries from the 2-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS). The Astrophysical Journal. 1999, 519 (2): 802 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/307414 （英语）.
^ Template:Rr/Dic-Simbad
^ E. E. Becklin, B. Zuckerman. A low-temperature companion to a white dwarf star. Nature. 1988/12, 336 (6200): 656–658 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/336656a0. （原始内容存档于2019-10-16）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
^ Conard C. Dahn, Hugh C. Harris, Frederick J. Vrba, Harry H. Guetter, Blaise Canzian, Arne A. Henden, Stephen E. Levine, Christian B. Luginbuhl, Alice K. B. Monet, David G. Monet, Jeffrey R. Pier, Ronald C. Stone, Richard L. Walker, Adam J. Burgasser, John E. Gizis, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, James Liebert, I. Neill Reid. Astrometry and Photometry for Cool Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs. The Astronomical Journal. 2002, 124 (2): 1170 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1538-3881. doi:10.1086/341646 （英语）.
^ A. H. Andrei, R. L. Smart, J. L. Penna, V. A. d'Avila, B. Bucciarelli, J. I. B. Camargo, M. T. Crosta, M. Daprà, B. Goldman, H. R. A. Jones, M. G. Lattanzi, L. Nicastro, D. J. Pinfield, D. N. da Silva Neto, R. Teixeira. Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool Objects. I. Targets, Proper Motions, and First Results. The Astronomical Journal. 2011, 141 (2): 54 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1538-3881. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/2/54 （英语）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 T. Nakajima, B. R. Oppenheimer, S. R. Kulkarni, D. A. Golimowski, K. Matthews, S. T. Durrance. Discovery of a cool brown dwarf. Nature. 1995/11, 378 (6556): 463–465 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/378463a0. （原始内容存档于2019-10-16）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
^ C. G. Tinney, I. N. Reid, J. Gizis, J. R. Mould. Trigonometric Parallaxes and the HR Diagram at the Bottom of the Main Sequence. The Astronomical Journal. December 1995, 110 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0004-6256. doi:10.1086/117743. （原始内容存档于2017-06-08）（英语）.
^ Adam J. Burgasser, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Michael E. Brown, I. Neill Reid, Adam Burrows, James Liebert, Keith Matthews, John E. Gizis, Conard C. Dahn, David G. Monet, Roc M. Cutri, Michael F. Skrutskie. The Spectra of T Dwarfs. I. Near-Infrared Data and Spectral Classification. The Astrophysical Journal. 2002, 564 (1): 421 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/324033 （英语）.
^ Template:Rr/1997A&A...327L..25D
^ Maria Teresa Ruiz, S. K. Leggett, France Allard. Kelu-1 : A Free-floating Brown Dwarf in the Solar Neighborhood. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1997, 491 (2): L107 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1538-4357. doi:10.1086/311070 （英语）.

[Simbad-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 V* CX Boo -- Pulsating White Dwarf. SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. [2013-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-16）.

[Kirkpatrick1997-2] 2.0 ^2.1 J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Charles A. Beichman, Michael F. Skrutskie. The Coolest Isolated M Dwarf and Other 2MASS Discoveries. The Astrophysical Journal. 1997, 476 (1): 311 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/303613 （英语）.

[Kirkpatrick1999-3] 3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 J. Davy Kirkpatrick, I. Neill Reid, James Liebert, Roc M. Cutri, Brant Nelson, Charles A. Beichman, Conard C. Dahn, David G. Monet, John E. Gizis, Michael F. Skrutskie. Dwarfs Cooler than "M": The Definition of Spectral Type "L" Using Discoveries from the 2-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS). The Astrophysical Journal. 1999, 519 (2): 802 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/307414 （英语）.

[GD-4] Template:Rr/Dic-Simbad

[Becklin1988-5] E. E. Becklin, B. Zuckerman. A low-temperature companion to a white dwarf star. Nature. 1988/12, 336 (6200): 656–658 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/336656a0. （原始内容存档于2019-10-16）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

[Dahn2002-6] Conard C. Dahn, Hugh C. Harris, Frederick J. Vrba, Harry H. Guetter, Blaise Canzian, Arne A. Henden, Stephen E. Levine, Christian B. Luginbuhl, Alice K. B. Monet, David G. Monet, Jeffrey R. Pier, Ronald C. Stone, Richard L. Walker, Adam J. Burgasser, John E. Gizis, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, James Liebert, I. Neill Reid. Astrometry and Photometry for Cool Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs. The Astronomical Journal. 2002, 124 (2): 1170 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1538-3881. doi:10.1086/341646 （英语）.

[Andrei2011-7] A. H. Andrei, R. L. Smart, J. L. Penna, V. A. d'Avila, B. Bucciarelli, J. I. B. Camargo, M. T. Crosta, M. Daprà, B. Goldman, H. R. A. Jones, M. G. Lattanzi, L. Nicastro, D. J. Pinfield, D. N. da Silva Neto, R. Teixeira. Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool Objects. I. Targets, Proper Motions, and First Results. The Astronomical Journal. 2011, 141 (2): 54 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1538-3881. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/2/54 （英语）.

[Nakajima1995-8] 8.0 ^8.1 T. Nakajima, B. R. Oppenheimer, S. R. Kulkarni, D. A. Golimowski, K. Matthews, S. T. Durrance. Discovery of a cool brown dwarf. Nature. 1995/11, 378 (6556): 463–465 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/378463a0. （原始内容存档于2019-10-16）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

[Tinney1995-9] C. G. Tinney, I. N. Reid, J. Gizis, J. R. Mould. Trigonometric Parallaxes and the HR Diagram at the Bottom of the Main Sequence. The Astronomical Journal. December 1995, 110 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0004-6256. doi:10.1086/117743. （原始内容存档于2017-06-08）（英语）.

[Burgasser2002-10] Adam J. Burgasser, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Michael E. Brown, I. Neill Reid, Adam Burrows, James Liebert, Keith Matthews, John E. Gizis, Conard C. Dahn, David G. Monet, Roc M. Cutri, Michael F. Skrutskie. The Spectra of T Dwarfs. I. Near-Infrared Data and Spectral Classification. The Astrophysical Journal. 2002, 564 (1): 421 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/324033 （英语）.

[Delfosse1997-11] Template:Rr/1997A&A...327L..25D

[Ruiz1997-12] Maria Teresa Ruiz, S. K. Leggett, France Allard. Kelu-1 : A Free-floating Brown Dwarf in the Solar Neighborhood. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1997, 491 (2): L107 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1538-4357. doi:10.1086/311070 （英语）.

[2]

[3]

[1]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

Baike