圆蛛科

「圆蛛科」的各地常用名稱
中国大陸	园蛛科
臺灣	金蛛科或鬼蛛科

圓蛛科; 化石时期：白堊紀至今，~125–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Araneus heroine
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	蛛形纲 Arachnida
目：	蜘蛛目 Araneae
亚目：	背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae
下目：	新蛛亞目 Araneomorphae
演化支：	复杂生殖器类 Entelegynae
演化支：	圆网蛛类 Orbiculariae
总科：	金蛛總科 Araneoidea
科：	园蛛科 Araneidae; Simon, 1895
屬
	約166屬
異名
	Argiopidae; Epeiridae; Nephilidae;

园蛛科（學名：Araneidae），又稱圆蛛科、金蛛科或鬼蛛科。這一科的蜘蛛非常美麗、顯著，並且常在跨小徑及類似的地方紡織其半公尺以上的大輪形網，然後把自己掛在其中心等待獵物來到。部份圓蛛科的蜘蛛（如十字園蛛）會在網中央地方另外紡織數條鋸齒形，或其他顯著形式的斑紋向外延伸。然後半黑半白的或半黑半黃的蜘蛛，靜止不動時會停留在白色絲帶交叉的中央區域附近，將腳兩兩併攏呈現大「X」字形；但亦有學者指出這些蜘蛛網上的絲質裝飾物具有吸引獵物的功能。^[5]

這種蜘蛛會盡量避免與任何大動物有接觸，其毒對人不很危險，反應跟其對蜜蜂毒的反應差不多。

這一科蜘蛛的視力遠不如狼蛛科、蠅虎科，只足以辨別黑白。因而牠們依賴觸覺認識到獵物，及其他在環境重要的東西。

落到網裡後，獵物的掙扎很容易破壞網，於是蜘蛛立刻盡力迅速地用絲把獵物包起來，使之不能動彈，然後趁機會咬之、注射其毒液，等牠不掙扎了就再過來吃。

圆蛛科蜘蛛種類很多，全球約有2500種。體長由2—60毫米。當中哥倫比亞有一種叫鏈球蛛（Bolas |Spider）的本科蜘蛛，會將自己的絲線弄成一個黏球，該黏球帶有類似雌蛾的氣味，待雄蛾受氣味吸引飛近時，即揮動黏球將其擊中，成為美味大餐。因為這樣的動作似牛仔揮動繩圈，鏈球蛛又被稱為牛仔蜘蛛。

下级分类编辑

本科包括以下属：^[6]

Acacesia Simon, 1895
Acantharachne Tullgren, 1910
Acanthepeira Marx, 1883
Acroaspis Karsch, 1878
Acrosomoides Simon, 1887
Actinacantha Simon, 1864
Actinosoma Holmberg, 1883
Aculepeira Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942
吊叶蛛属 Acusilas Simon, 1895
Aethriscus Pocock, 1902
Aethrodiscus Strand, 1913
Aetrocantha Karsch, 1879
Afracantha Dahl, 1914
Agalenatea Archer, 1951
Agelenatea
Alenatea Song & Zhu, 1999
Allocyclosa Levi, 1999
Alpaida O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
Amazonepeira Levi, 1989
Anepeira Wunderlich, 2004
阿园蛛属 Anepsion Strand, 1929
Arachnura Vinson, 1863
Aranea Clerck, 1757
Araneometa Wunderlich, 1988
鬼蛛屬 Araneus Clerck, 1757
Araniella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942
Aranoethra Butler, 1873
金蛛屬 Argiope Audouin, 1826
Artifex Kallal & Hormiga, 2018
Artonis Simon, 1895
Artonis Thorell, 1895
Aspidolasius Simon, 1887
Atea Koch, 1837
Augusta O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1877
Austracantha Dahl, 1914
Backobourkia Framenau, Dupérré, Blackledge & Vink, 2010
Bararaneus Wunderlich, 2004
Bertrana Keyserling, 1884
Caerostris Thorell, 1868
Carepalxis L.Koch, 1872
Celaenia Thorell, 1868
Cercidia Thorell, 1869
壮头蛛属 Chorizopes O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
类壮头蛛属 Chorizopesoides
Mi & Wang, 2018
- 安娜类壮头蛛 Chorizopesoides annasestakovae Mi & Li, 2021
- 郑国类状头蛛 Chorizopesoides guoi Mi & Li, 2021
- Chorizopesoides orientalis (Simon, 1909)
- Chorizopesoides wulingensis (Yin, Wang & Xie, 1994)
Chrysometata Wunderlich, 2004
Cladomelea Simon, 1895
Clitaetra Simon, 1889
Cnodalia Thorell, 1890
Coelossia Simon, 1895
Colaranea Court & Forster, 1988
Collina Urquhart, 1891
Colphepeira Archer, 1941
Cryptaranea Court & Forster, 1988
艾蛛属 Cyclosa Menge, 1866
Cyclososoma Petrunkevitch, 1958
Cyphalonotus Simon, 1895
Cyrtarachne Thorell, 1868
Cyrtobill Framenau & Scharff, 2009
曲腹蛛属 Cyrtophora Simon, 1864
丘园蛛属 Deione
Thorell, 1898
- 陈氏丘园蛛 Deione cheni Mi & Li, 2021
- Deione lingulata Han, Zhu & Levi, 2009
- Deione ovata Mi, Peng & Yin, 2010
- Deione renaria Mi, Peng & Yin, 2010
- Deione thoracica Thorell, 1898
- 杨氏丘园蛛 Deione yangi Mi & Li, 2021
Deliochus Simon, 1894
Dolophones Walckenaer, 1837
Dubiepeira Levi, 1991
Edricus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1890
Enacrosoma Mello-Leitão, 1932
Encyosaccus Simon, 1895
Eoaraneus Wunderlich, 2004
Eochorizopes Wunderlich, 2008
Eonephila Wunderlich, 2004
Eozygiella Wunderlich, 2004
Epeiroides Keyserling, 1885
轉刺蛛屬 Eriophora Simon, 1864
毛圓蛛屬 Eriovixia Archer, 1951
Eustacesia Caporiacco, 1954
Eustala Simon, 1895
Eustaloides Petrunkevitch, 1942
Exechocentrus Simon, 1889
Faradja Grasshoff, 1970
Fossilaraneus Wunderlich, 1988
Friula O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1897
Galaporella Levi, 2009
Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833
Gastroxya Benoit, 1962
Gea C.L.Koch, 1843
Geratonephila
Poinar, 2012
- Geratonephila burmanica Poinar, 2012^[7]
Gibbaranea Archer, 1951
Glyptogona Simon, 1884
Gnolus Simon, 1879
Herennia Thorell, 1877
Heterognatha Nicolet, 1849
Heurodes Keyserling, 1886
Hingstepeira Levi, 1995
Hortophora Framenau & Castanheira, 2021
Hypognatha Guérin-Méneville, 1839
Hyposinga
Hypsacantha Dahl, 1914
亮腹蛛属 Hypsosinga Ausserer, 1871
Ideocaira Simon, 1903
Indoetra Kuntner, 2006
Isoxya Simon, 1885
Kaira O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
Kapogea Levi, 1997
Kilima Grasshoff, 1970
肥蛛属 Larinia Simon, 1874
Lariniaria Grasshoff, 1970
类肥蛛属 Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934
Lariniophora Framenau, 2011
Leviellus Wunderlich, 2004
Lewisepeira Levi, 1993
Lipocrea Thorell, 1878
Luxurionephila Wunderlich, 2004
Macracantha Simon, 1864
Madacantha Emerit, 1970
Mahembea Grasshoff, 1970
芒果蛛 Mangora
O.P.-Cambridge, 1889
- 白氏芒果蛛 Mangora baii Mi & Li, 2021
- 黑头芒果蛛 Mangora cephala Mi & Li, 2021
Manogea Levi, 1997
Mastophora Holmberg, 1876
Mecynogea Simon, 1903
Megaraneus Lawrence, 1968
Melychiopharis Simon, 1895
Mesozygiella Penney & Ortuño, 2006
Metazygia F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904
Metepeira Cambridge, 1903
Micrathena Sundevall, 1833
Micrepeira Schenkel, 1953
Micropoltys Kulczynski, 1911
米洛蛛属 Milonia
Thorell, 1890
- 双斑米洛蛛 Milonia gemella Mi & Li, 2021
Minutunguis Wunderlich, 2011
Miraraneus Wunderlich, 2004
Mirometa Petrunkevitch, 1963
Molinaranea Mello-Leitão, 1940
Nemoscolus Simon, 1895
Nemosinga Caporiacco, 1947
Nemospiza Simon, 1903
Neogea Levi, 1983
新园蛛属 Neoscona Simon, 1864
Nephila Leach, 1815
Nephilengys L.Koch, 1872
Nephilingis Kuntner, 2013
Nicolepeira Levi, 2001
Novakiella Court & Forster, 1993
Novaranea Court & Forster, 1988
Nuctenea Simon, 1864
Oarces Simon, 1879
Ocrepeira Marx, 1883
Ordgarius Keyserling, 1886
Palaeonephila Wunderlich, 2004
Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922
Paralarinia Grasshoff, 1970
Paraplectana Brito Capello, 1867
Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886
Pararaneus Caporiacco, 1940
Paraverrucosa Mello-Leitão, 1939
Parawixia F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904
Parmatergus Emerit, 1994
Pasilobus Simon, 1895
Perilla Thorell, 1895
Pherenice Thorell, 1899
Phonognatha Simon, 1894
Pitharatus Simon, 1895
普园蛛属 Plebs Joseph & Framenau, 2012
Poecilarcys Simon, 1895
Poecilopachys Simon, 1895
Poltys C.L.Koch, 1843
Popperaneus Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020
脊园蛛属 Porcataraneus Mi & Peng, 2011
Pozonia Schenkel, 1953
Prasonica Simon, 1895
Prasonicella Grasshoff, 1971
Pronoides Schenkel, 1936
Pronous Keyserling, 1881
Pseudartonis Simon, 1903
Pseudopsyllo Strand, 1916
Psyllo Thorell, 1899
Pulchellaranea Poinar, 2015
Pycnacantha Blackwall, 1865
Pycnosinga Wunderlich, 1988
Rubrepeira Levi, 1992
Scoloderus Simon, 1887
Sedasta Simon, 1894
Singa C.L.Koch, 1836
Singafrotypa Benoit, 1962
Siwa Grasshoff, 1970
Spilasma Simon, 1897
Spinepeira Levi, 1995
Spintharidius Simon, 1893
Taczanowskia
Keyserling, 1879
- Taczanowskia gustavoi Ibarra-Núñez, 2013
- Taczanowskia mirabilis Simon, 1897
- Taczanowskia onowoka Jordán, Domínguez-Trujillo & Cisneros-Heredia, 2021^[8]
- Taczanowskia sextuberculata Keyserling, 1892
- Taczanowskia striata Keyserling, 1879
- Taczanowskia trilobata Simon, 1897
- Taczanowskia yasuni Díaz-Guevara, Macías-Tulcán & Galvis, 2024^[9]
Talthybia Thorell, 1898
Tatepeira Levi, 1995
Telaprocera Harmer & Framenau, 2008
Testudinaria Taczanowski, 1879
Testudinaria Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
Testudinaroides Dunlop & Jekel, 2008
Tethneus Scudder, 1890
Thelacantha Hasselt, 1882
Thorellina Berg, 1899
Togacantha Dahl, 1914
Trichonephila Dahl, 1911
Umbonata Grasshoff, 1971
Ursa Simon, 1895
Verrucosa McCook, 1888
Wagneriana F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904
Witica O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1895
Wixia O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
Xylethrus Simon, 1895
Yaginumia Archer, 1960
Zealaranea Court & Forster, 1988
Zilla C.L.Koch, 1836
楚蛛属 Zygiella F.O.P.-Cambridge

十字园蛛
這科的蜘蛛種類非常多，大小不一，但都有八單眼
Araneus marmoreus
Argiope bruennichi

參考文獻编辑

^ Penney, D.; Ortuño, V. M. Oldest true orb-weaving spider (Araneae: Araneidae). Biology letters. 2006, 2 (3): 447–450. ISSN 1744-9561. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0506.
^ Magalhaes, I. L. F.; Azevedo, G. H. F.; Michalik, P.; Ramírez, M. J. The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic. Biological Reviews. 2020, 95: 184–217 [2020-11-09]. ISSN 1464-7931. doi:10.1111/brv.12559. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）.
^ Araneidae 金蛛科（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），台灣生物多樣性資訊入口網Taibi，中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心，2016-03-16
^ Araneidae金蛛科（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），TaiBNET，中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心，2016-03-16
^ R.C. Cheng & I.M. Tso. Signaling by decorating webs: luring prey or deterring predators?. Behavioral Ecology. 2007-09, 18: 1085–1091. （原始内容存档于2012-07-11）.
^ Araneidae. GBIF. [2022-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
^ George Poinar Jr. & Ron Buckley. 2012. Predatory behaviour of the social orb-weaver spider, Geratonephila burmanica n. gen., n. sp. (Araneae: Nephilidae) with its wasp prey, Cascoscelio incassus n. gen., n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in Early Cretaceous Burmese amber. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, vol. 24, issue 5; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2011.640399
^ Juan Pablo Jordán, Mariela Domínguez-Trujillo and Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia. 2021. Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Taczanowskia (Araneae: Araneidae) and Description of A New Species from Ecuador. Invertebrate Systematics. 35(7); 742-753. DOI: 10.1071/IS20084
^ David R. Díaz-Guevara, Mauricio Macías-Tulcán, William Galvis. 2024. Taczanowskia yasuni new species: A New enigmatic Species of Spider (Araneidae) from the Ecuadorian Amazon canopy. Zootaxa. 5397(2); 295-300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5397.2.11

[1] Penney, D.; Ortuño, V. M. Oldest true orb-weaving spider (Araneae: Araneidae). Biology letters. 2006, 2 (3): 447–450. ISSN 1744-9561. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0506.

[2] Magalhaes, I. L. F.; Azevedo, G. H. F.; Michalik, P.; Ramírez, M. J. The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic. Biological Reviews. 2020, 95: 184–217 [2020-11-09]. ISSN 1464-7931. doi:10.1111/brv.12559. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）.

[3] Araneidae 金蛛科（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），台灣生物多樣性資訊入口網Taibi，中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心，2016-03-16

[4] Araneidae金蛛科（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），TaiBNET，中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心，2016-03-16

[5] R.C. Cheng & I.M. Tso. Signaling by decorating webs: luring prey or deterring predators?. Behavioral Ecology. 2007-09, 18: 1085–1091. （原始内容存档于2012-07-11）.

[6] Araneidae. GBIF. [2022-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.

[7] George Poinar Jr. & Ron Buckley. 2012. Predatory behaviour of the social orb-weaver spider, Geratonephila burmanica n. gen., n. sp. (Araneae: Nephilidae) with its wasp prey, Cascoscelio incassus n. gen., n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in Early Cretaceous Burmese amber. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, vol. 24, issue 5; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2011.640399

[8] Juan Pablo Jordán, Mariela Domínguez-Trujillo and Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia. 2021. Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Taczanowskia (Araneae: Araneidae) and Description of A New Species from Ecuador. Invertebrate Systematics. 35(7); 742-753. DOI: 10.1071/IS20084

[9] David R. Díaz-Guevara, Mauricio Macías-Tulcán, William Galvis. 2024. Taczanowskia yasuni new species: A New enigmatic Species of Spider (Araneidae) from the Ecuadorian Amazon canopy. Zootaxa. 5397(2); 295-300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5397.2.11

[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

Baike

圆蛛科

蜘蛛目的一个科

下级分类编辑

參考文獻编辑

圓蛛科化石时期：白堊紀至今^[1]^[2]，~125–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N

Araneus heroine
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	蛛形纲 Arachnida
目：	蜘蛛目 Araneae
亚目：	背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae
下目：	新蛛亞目 Araneomorphae
演化支：	复杂生殖器类 Entelegynae
演化支：	圆网蛛类 Orbiculariae
总科：	金蛛總科 Araneoidea
科：	园蛛科 Araneidae Simon, 1895
屬
約166屬
異名
Argiopidae Epeiridae Nephilidae

「圆蛛科」的各地常用名稱
中国大陸	园蛛科
臺灣	金蛛科^[3]^[4]或鬼蛛科