鯡魚是大部分鯡科魚的通稱。牠們多在暗沙或岸邊聯群游弋。其中,最常見,而且具高商業價值的鯡魚有3種,皆屬於鯡屬,其捕獲量佔了鯡魚總捕獲量約90%。其中,三種鯡屬魚中捕獲量最多的為大西洋鯡,佔比過半。這三種魚一般在北太平洋北大西洋波羅的海南美洲西岸的淺水溫帶區出沒。此外,也有一些被稱作鯡魚的魚類在阿拉伯海印度洋孟加拉灣一帶出沒。

鯡魚 (Herring)
大西洋鯡, Clupea harengus
1950年–2010年全球鯡魚總捕獲量
單位為百萬噸[1]

歷史上,鯡魚在歐洲漁業扮演了舉足輕重的角色,[2]對此魚的研究在二十世紀早期為漁業學提供了長足進步的基礎。[3]此外,牠們曾長年為重要的食用魚,常以處理保存。

種類编辑

不少物種皆被歸類為鯡魚,其中大部份皆屬於鯡科。鯡魚的英文名稱herring的詞源並不明確,可能源於古高地德語heri,有衆多、大群體之意。[4]

鯡科的模式屬為鯡屬[5]鯡屬共有三種,包括在北太平洋出沒的模式種大西洋鯡、在北太平洋出沒的太平洋鯡以及智利沿岸出沒的貝氏智利鯡

鯡屬鯡魚
俗名學名最長記錄一般長度最重可達最高壽命營養級世界魚類數據庫聯合國糧食及農業組織整合分類學資訊系統保護級別
貝氏智利鯡Clupea bentincki Norman, 193628.4 cmcmkgyears2.69[6][7][8]未予評估
大西洋鯡Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 175845.0 cm30.0 cm1.05 kg22 years3.23[9][10][11] 無危[12]
太平洋鯡Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 184746.0 cm25.0 cm19 years3.15[9][13][14]未予評估

除此之外,也有不少魚類被國際自然保護聯盟視爲鯡魚,收錄於世界魚類數據庫,現表列如下:

其餘鯡魚
種類俗名學名最長記錄一般長度最重可達最高壽命營養級世界魚類數據庫聯合國糧食及農業組織整合分類學資訊系統保護級別
淡水鯡英语Pellonulinae窄體似鯡Clupeoides papuensis (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)cmcmkgyears[15][16] 數據缺乏[17]
圓腹鯡科印尼少棱圓鯡Dayella malabarica (Day, 1873)cmcmkgyears[18][19] Least concern[20]
寬帶任氏鯡Jenkinsia lamprotaenia (Gosse, 1851)cmcmkgyears[21][22] Least concern[23]
南非吉氏鯡Gilchristella aestuaria (Gilchrist, 1913cmcmkgyears[24][25] Least concern[26]
小眼任氏鯡Jenkinsia majua Whitehead, 1963cmcmkgyears[27][28] Least concern[29]
沙丁脂眼鯡Etrumeus teres (De Kay, 1842)33 cm25 cmkgyears[30][31][32]未予評估
雙鰭似黍鯡Spratellomorpha bianalis (Bertin, 1940)4.5 cmcmkgyears3.11[33][34] Data deficient[35]
懷氏脂眼鯡Etrumeus whiteheadi (Wongratana, 1983)20 cmcmkgyears3.4[36][37][38] Least concern[39]
短帶任氏鯡Jenkinsia parvula Cervigón and Velasquez, 1978

cmcmkgyears[40][41] Vulnerable[42]
後絲鯡屬加拉帕戈斯後絲鯡Opisthonema berlangai (Günther, 1867)26 cm18 cmkgyears3.27[43][44] 易危[45]
少耙後絲鯡Opisthonema medirastre Berry & Barrett, 1963cmcmkgyears[46][47] 無危[48]
太平洋後絲鯡Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867)30 cm22 cmkgyears[49][50][44] 無危[51]
蒲氏後絲鯡Opisthonema bulleri (Regan, 1904)cmcmkgyears[52][53] 無危[54]
其他黑帶側帶鯡Lile nigrofasciata Castro-Aguirre Ruiz-Campos and Balart, 2002cmcmkgyears[55][56] 無危[57]
齒頭鯡Denticeps clupeoides Clausen, 1959cmcmkgyears[58][59] Vulnerable[60]
勃氏犬齒鰳Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Poey, 1867)cmcmkgyears[61][62] Least concern[63]
細側帶鯡Lile gracilis Castro-Aguirre and Vivero, 1990cmcmkgyears[64][65] Least concern[66]
太平洋青鱗魚Harengula thrissina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)cmcmkgyears[67][68] Least concern[69]
小細鯡Thrattidion noctivagus Roberts, 1972cmcmkgyears[70][71] Least concern[72]
日本銀帶鯡Spratelloides gracilis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)10.5 cmcmkgyears3.0[73][74]Not assessed
太平洋側帶鯡Lile stolifera (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)cmcmkgyears[75][76] Least concern[77]
西拉棱鯡Sierrathrissa leonensis Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969cmcmkgyears[78][79] Least concern[80]

參考编辑

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外部連結编辑

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