镝的同位素

**主要的鏑同位素**
標準原子質量（英语：Standard atomic weight） (Ar, 標準)	162.500(1);
←Tb（65）	Ho（67）→
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镝（原子量：162.500(1)）的同位素中有7個是存在于自然界的穩定同位素，分别是¹⁵⁶Dy、¹⁵⁸Dy和¹⁶⁰Dy至¹⁶⁴Dy。自然同位素中豐度最高的是比例為28%的¹⁶⁴Dy，緊接著的是比例為26%的¹⁶²Dy。豐度最低的是比例為0.06%的¹⁵⁶Dy。^[3]

通過人工合成，科學家共發現了29種放射性同位素，其原子量在138和173之間。最穩定的是¹⁵⁴Dy，其半衰期約為1.40×10⁶年；接著是半衰期為144.4天的¹⁵⁹Dy。最不穩定的是¹³⁸Dy，其半衰期只有200毫秒。比穩定同位素輕的同位素主要進行β⁺衰變；除個別特例之外，更重的同位素主要進行β⁻衰變。¹⁵⁴Dy主要進行α衰變，¹⁵²Dy和¹⁵⁹Dy則主要進行電子捕獲。^[3]鏑擁有至少11種同核異構體（亞穩態），原子量在140和165之間。最穩定的是^165mDy，其半衰期為1.257分鐘。¹⁴⁹Dy有兩種亞穩態，第二種（^149m2Dy）的半衰期只有28納秒。^[3]

¹⁶⁴Dy是理論上最重的穩定同位素，任何更重的同位素，理論上都會進行α衰變，但是在鉛-208以下，絕大部分的同位素都尚未觀測到此衰變。^[4]

圖表编辑

符號	Z（ p ）	N（ n ）	同位素質量（u）	半衰期^{[n 1]}	衰變方式^[5]^{[n 2]}	衰變產物^{[n 3]}	原子核自旋	相對豐度（莫耳分率）	相對豐度的變化量（莫耳分率）
符號	激發能量			半衰期^{[n 1]}	衰變方式^[5]^{[n 2]}	衰變產物^{[n 3]}	原子核自旋	相對豐度（莫耳分率）	相對豐度的變化量（莫耳分率）
¹³⁸Dy	66	72	137.96249(64)#	200# ms			0+
¹³⁹Dy	66	73	138.95954(54)#	600(200) ms			7/2+#
¹⁴⁰Dy	66	74	139.95401(54)#	700# ms	β⁺	¹⁴⁰Tb	0+
^140mDy	2166.1(5) keV			7.0(5) µs			(8-)
¹⁴¹Dy	66	75	140.95135(32)#	0.9(2) s	β⁺	¹⁴¹Tb	(9/2-)
¹⁴¹Dy	66	75	140.95135(32)#	0.9(2) s	β⁺, p （不常見）	¹⁴⁰Gd	(9/2-)
¹⁴²Dy	66	76	141.94637(39)#	2.3(3) s	β⁺ (99.94%)	¹⁴²Tb	0+
¹⁴²Dy	66	76	141.94637(39)#	2.3(3) s	β⁺, p (.06%)	¹⁴¹Gd	0+
¹⁴³Dy	66	77	142.94383(21)#	5.6(10) s	β⁺	¹⁴³Tb	(1/2+)
¹⁴³Dy	66	77	142.94383(21)#	5.6(10) s	β⁺, p （不常見）	¹⁴²Gd	(1/2+)
^143mDy	310.7(6) keV			3.0(3) s			(11/2-)
¹⁴⁴Dy	66	78	143.93925(3)	9.1(4) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁴Tb	0+
¹⁴⁴Dy	66	78	143.93925(3)	9.1(4) s	β⁺, p （不常見）	¹⁴³Gd	0+
¹⁴⁵Dy	66	79	144.93743(5)	9.5(10) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁵Tb	(1/2+)
¹⁴⁵Dy	66	79	144.93743(5)	9.5(10) s	β⁺, p （不常見）	¹⁴⁴Gd	(1/2+)
^145mDy	118.2(2) keV			14.1(7) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁵Tb	(11/2-)
¹⁴⁶Dy	66	80	145.932845(29)	33.2(7) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁶Tb	0+
^146mDy	2935.7(6) keV			150(20) ms	IT	¹⁴⁶Dy	(10+)#
¹⁴⁷Dy	66	81	146.931092(21)	40(10) s	β⁺ (99.95%)	¹⁴⁷Tb	1/2+
¹⁴⁷Dy	66	81	146.931092(21)	40(10) s	β⁺, p (.05%)	¹⁴⁶Tb	1/2+
^147m1Dy	750.5(4) keV			55(1) s	β⁺ (65%)	¹⁴⁷Tb	11/2-
^147m1Dy	750.5(4) keV			55(1) s	IT (35%)	¹⁴⁷Dy	11/2-
^147m2Dy	3407.2(8) keV			0.40(1) µs			(27/2-)
¹⁴⁸Dy	66	82	147.927150(11)	3.3(2) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁸Tb	0+
¹⁴⁹Dy	66	83	148.927305(9)	4.20(14) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁹Tb	7/2(-)
^149mDy	2661.1(4) keV			490(15) ms	IT (99.3%)	¹⁴⁹Dy	(27/2-)
^149mDy	2661.1(4) keV			490(15) ms	β⁺ (.7%)	¹⁴⁹Tb	(27/2-)
¹⁵⁰Dy	66	84	149.925585(5)	7.17(5) min	β⁺ (64%)	¹⁵⁰Tb	0+
¹⁵⁰Dy	66	84	149.925585(5)	7.17(5) min	α (36%)	¹⁴⁶Gd	0+
¹⁵¹Dy	66	85	150.926185(4)	17.9(3) min	β⁺ (94.4%)	¹⁵¹Tb	7/2(-)
¹⁵¹Dy	66	85	150.926185(4)	17.9(3) min	α (5.6%)	¹⁴⁷Gd	7/2(-)
¹⁵²Dy	66	86	151.924718(6)	2.38(2) h	ε (99.9%)	¹⁵²Tb	0+
¹⁵²Dy	66	86	151.924718(6)	2.38(2) h	α (.1%)	¹⁴⁸Gd	0+
¹⁵³Dy	66	87	152.925765(5)	6.4(1) h	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁵³Tb	7/2(-)
¹⁵³Dy	66	87	152.925765(5)	6.4(1) h	α (.00939%)	¹⁴⁹Gd	7/2(-)
¹⁵⁴Dy	66	88	153.924424(8)	3.0(15)×10⁶ a	α	¹⁵⁰Gd	0+
¹⁵⁵Dy	66	89	154.925754(13)	9.9(2) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁵Tb	3/2-
^155mDy	234.33(3) keV			6(1) µs			11/2-
¹⁵⁶Dy	66	90	155.924283(7)	觀測上穩定^{[n 4]}			0+	5.6(3)×10⁻⁴
¹⁵⁷Dy	66	91	156.925466(7)	8.14(4) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁷Tb	3/2-
^157m1Dy	161.99(3) keV			1.3(2) µs			9/2+
^157m2Dy	199.38(7) keV			21.6(16) ms	IT	¹⁵⁷Dy	11/2-
¹⁵⁸Dy	66	92	157.924409(4)	觀測上穩定^{[n 5]}			0+	9.5(3)×10⁻⁴
¹⁵⁹Dy	66	93	158.9257392(29)	144.4(2) d	ε	¹⁵⁹Tb	3/2-
^159mDy	352.77(14) keV			122(3) µs			11/2-
¹⁶⁰Dy	66	94	159.9251975(27)	觀測上穩定^{[n 6]}			0+	0.02329(18)
¹⁶¹Dy	66	95	160.9269334(27)	觀測上穩定^{[n 7]}			5/2+	0.18889(42)
¹⁶²Dy	66	96	161.9267984(27)	觀測上穩定^{[n 8]}			0+	0.25475(36)
¹⁶³Dy	66	97	162.9287312(27)	稳定^{[n 9]}^[6]			5/2-	0.24896(42)
¹⁶⁴Dy	66	98	163.9291748(27)	稳定			0+	0.28260(54)
¹⁶⁵Dy	66	99	164.9317033(27)	2.334(1) h	β⁻	¹⁶⁵Ho	7/2+
^165mDy	108.160(3) keV			1.257(6) min	IT (97.76%)	¹⁶⁵Dy	1/2-
^165mDy	108.160(3) keV			1.257(6) min	β⁻ (2.24%)	¹⁶⁵Ho	1/2-
¹⁶⁶Dy	66	100	165.9328067(28)	81.6(1) h	β⁻	¹⁶⁶Ho	0+
¹⁶⁷Dy	66	101	166.93566(6)	6.20(8) min	β⁻	¹⁶⁷Ho	(1/2-)
¹⁶⁸Dy	66	102	167.93713(15)	8.7(3) min	β⁻	¹⁶⁸Ho	0+
¹⁶⁹Dy	66	103	168.94031(32)	39(8) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁹Ho	(5/2-)
¹⁷⁰Dy	66	104	169.94239(21)#	30# s	β⁻	¹⁷⁰Ho	0+
¹⁷¹Dy	66	105	170.94620(32)#	6# s	β⁻	¹⁷¹Ho	7/2-#
¹⁷²Dy	66	106	171.94876(43)#	3# s	β⁻	¹⁷²Ho	0+
¹⁷³Dy	66	107	172.95300(54)#	2# s	β⁻	¹⁷³Ho	9/2+#

備註：畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，只是理論推測而已，而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。

←	同位素列表	→
鋱的同位素	镝的同位素	鈥的同位素

註釋编辑

^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
^ Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
^ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵²Gd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁵⁶Gd with a half-life over 10¹⁸ years
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁴Gd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁵⁸Gd
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁶Gd
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁷Gd
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁸Gd
^ Can undergo [[Beta_decay#Bound-state_β−_decay|bound-state β⁻ decay]] to ¹⁶³Ho with a half-life of 47 days when fully ionized

参考文獻编辑

^ Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea. High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154. Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2022-05-28, 12 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6.
^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Audi, G.; Bersillon, O.; Blachot, J.; Wapstra, A.H. Nubase2003 Evaluation of Nuclear and Decay Properties. Nuclear Physics A (Atomic Mass Data Center). 2003, 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
^ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F.A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V.I. Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays. Eur. Phys. J. A. August 2019, 55: 140. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2.
^ 存档副本. [2015-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
^ M. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 69, 2164 (1992) First observation of bound-state beta minus decay.

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

[5] Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)

[7] Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition

[8] Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)

[9] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵²Gd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁵⁶Gd with a half-life over 10¹⁸ years

[10] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁴Gd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁵⁸Gd

[11] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁶Gd

[12] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁷Gd

[13] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁸Gd

[14] Can undergo [[Beta_decay#Bound-state_β−_decay|bound-state β⁻ decay]] to ¹⁶³Ho with a half-life of 47 days when fully ionized

[1] Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea. High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154. Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2022-05-28, 12 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6.

[CIAAW2013-2] Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[nubase-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Audi, G.; Bersillon, O.; Blachot, J.; Wapstra, A.H. Nubase2003 Evaluation of Nuclear and Decay Properties. Nuclear Physics A (Atomic Mass Data Center). 2003, 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[4] Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F.A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V.I. Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays. Eur. Phys. J. A. August 2019, 55: 140. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2.

[6] 存档副本. [2015-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.

[15] M. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 69, 2164 (1992) First observation of bound-state beta minus decay.

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