釤的同位素

**主要的釤同位素**
標準原子質量（英语：Standard atomic weight） (Ar, 標準)	150.36(2);
←Pm（61）	Eu（63）→
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釤（原子量：150.36(2)）在自然界中存在5种稳定同位素（¹⁴⁴Sm、¹⁴⁹Sm、¹⁵⁰Sm、¹⁵²Sm、¹⁵⁴Sm）和2种长寿命放射性同位素（半衰期1.06×10¹¹年的¹⁴⁷Sm和半衰期7×10¹⁵年的¹⁴⁸Sm），其中¹⁵²Sm的丰度最高，达26.74%。¹⁴⁶Sm的半衰期也很长，但不足以在今天大量存在，现为绝种核素（英语：extinct radionuclide）。它可用于太阳系的测年。^[2]^[3]2012年一篇把¹⁴⁶Sm的半衰期从10.3(5)×10⁷年更新到6.8(7)×10⁷年的论文已于2023年撤稿。^[3]^[4]它是不确定是不是原生核素（英语：primordial nuclide）的核素中半衰期最长的。

除了以上8种同位素以外，钐最长寿的放射性同位素是半衰期94.6年的¹⁵¹Sm^[5]以及半衰期340天的¹⁴⁵Sm。剩下的同位素原子量介于129至168，半衰期都短于两天。

圖表编辑

符號	Z（ p ）	N（ n ）	同位素質量（u）	半衰期^{[n 1]}	衰變方式^[6]^{[n 2]}	衰變產物^{[n 3]}	原子核自旋	相對豐度（莫耳分率）	相對豐度的變化量（莫耳分率）
符號	激發能量			半衰期^{[n 1]}	衰變方式^[6]^{[n 2]}	衰變產物^{[n 3]}	原子核自旋	相對豐度（莫耳分率）	相對豐度的變化量（莫耳分率）
¹²⁹Sm	62	67	128.95464(54)#	550(100) ms			5/2+#
¹³⁰Sm	62	68	129.94892(43)#	1# s	β⁺	¹³⁰Pm	0+
¹³¹Sm	62	69	130.94611(32)#	1.2(2) s	β⁺	¹³¹Pm	5/2+#
¹³¹Sm	62	69	130.94611(32)#	1.2(2) s	β⁺, p （不常見）	¹³⁰Nd	5/2+#
¹³²Sm	62	70	131.94069(32)#	4.0(3) s	β⁺	¹³²Pm	0+
¹³²Sm	62	70	131.94069(32)#	4.0(3) s	β⁺, p	¹³¹Nd	0+
¹³³Sm	62	71	132.93867(21)#	2.90(17) s	β⁺	¹³³Pm	(5/2+)
¹³³Sm	62	71	132.93867(21)#	2.90(17) s	β⁺, p	¹³²Nd	(5/2+)
¹³⁴Sm	62	72	133.93397(21)#	10(1) s	β⁺	¹³⁴Pm	0+
¹³⁵Sm	62	73	134.93252(17)	10.3(5) s	β⁺ (99.98%)	¹³⁵Pm	(7/2+)
¹³⁵Sm	62	73	134.93252(17)	10.3(5) s	β⁺, p (.02%)	¹³⁴Nd	(7/2+)
^135mSm	0(300)# keV			2.4(9) s	β⁺	¹³⁵Pm	(3/2+,5/2+)
¹³⁶Sm	62	74	135.928276(13)	47(2) s	β⁺	¹³⁶Pm	0+
^136mSm	2264.7(11) keV			15(1) µs			(8-)
¹³⁷Sm	62	75	136.92697(5)	45(1) s	β⁺	¹³⁷Pm	(9/2-)
^137mSm	180(50)# keV			20# s	β⁺	¹³⁷Pm	1/2+#
¹³⁸Sm	62	76	137.923244(13)	3.1(2) min	β⁺	¹³⁸Pm	0+
¹³⁹Sm	62	77	138.922297(12)	2.57(10) min	β⁺	¹³⁹Pm	1/2+
^139mSm	457.40(22) keV			10.7(6) s	IT (93.7%)	¹³⁹Sm	11/2-
^139mSm	457.40(22) keV			10.7(6) s	β⁺ (6.3%)	¹³⁹Pm	11/2-
¹⁴⁰Sm	62	78	139.918995(13)	14.82(12) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁰Pm	0+
¹⁴¹Sm	62	79	140.918476(9)	10.2(2) min	β⁺	¹⁴¹Pm	1/2+
^141mSm	176.0(3) keV			22.6(2) min	β⁺ (99.69%)	¹⁴¹Pm	11/2-
^141mSm	176.0(3) keV			22.6(2) min	IT (.31%)	¹⁴¹Sm	11/2-
¹⁴²Sm	62	80	141.915198(6)	72.49(5) min	β⁺	¹⁴²Pm	0+
¹⁴³Sm	62	81	142.914628(4)	8.75(8) min	β⁺	¹⁴³Pm	3/2+
^143m1Sm	753.99(16) keV			66(2) s	IT (99.76%)	¹⁴³Sm	11/2-
^143m1Sm	753.99(16) keV			66(2) s	β⁺ (.24%)	¹⁴³Pm	11/2-
^143m2Sm	2793.8(13) keV			30(3) ms			23/2(-)
¹⁴⁴Sm	62	82	143.911999(3)	觀測上穩定^{[n 4]}			0+	0.0307(7)
^144mSm	2323.60(8) keV			880(25) ns			6+
¹⁴⁵Sm	62	83	144.913410(3)	340(3) d	ε	¹⁴⁵Pm	7/2-
^145mSm	8786.2(7) keV			990(170) ns [0.96(+19-15) µs]			(49/2+)
¹⁴⁶Sm^{[n 5]}	62	84	145.913041(4)	1.03×10⁸ a	α	¹⁴²Nd	0+	Trace
¹⁴⁷Sm^{[n 5]}^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	62	85	146.9148979(26)	1.06(2)×10¹¹ a	α	¹⁴³Nd	7/2-	0.1499(18)
¹⁴⁸Sm^{[n 5]}	62	86	147.9148227(26)	7(3)×10¹⁵ a	α	¹⁴⁴Nd	0+	0.1124(10)
¹⁴⁹Sm^{[n 6]}^{[n 8]}	62	87	148.9171847(26)	觀測上穩定^{[n 9]}			7/2-	0.1382(7)
¹⁵⁰Sm	62	88	149.9172755(26)	觀測上穩定^{[n 10]}			0+	0.0738(1)
¹⁵¹Sm^{[n 6]}^{[n 8]}	62	89	150.9199324(26)	88.8(24) a	β⁻	¹⁵¹Eu	5/2-
^151mSm	261.13(4) keV			1.4(1) µs			(11/2)-
¹⁵²Sm^{[n 6]}	62	90	151.9197324(27)	觀測上穩定^{[n 11]}			0+	0.2675(16)
¹⁵³Sm^{[n 6]}	62	91	152.9220974(27)	46.284(4) h	β⁻	¹⁵³Eu	3/2+
^153mSm	98.37(10) keV			10.6(3) ms	IT	¹⁵³Sm	11/2-
¹⁵⁴Sm^{[n 6]}	62	92	153.9222093(27)	觀測上穩定^{[n 12]}			0+	0.2275(29)
¹⁵⁵Sm	62	93	154.9246402(28)	22.3(2) min	β⁻	¹⁵⁵Eu	3/2-
¹⁵⁶Sm	62	94	155.925528(10)	9.4(2) h	β⁻	¹⁵⁶Eu	0+
^156mSm	1397.55(9) keV			185(7) ns			5-
¹⁵⁷Sm	62	95	156.92836(5)	8.03(7) min	β⁻	¹⁵⁷Eu	(3/2-)
¹⁵⁸Sm	62	96	157.92999(8)	5.30(3) min	β⁻	¹⁵⁸Eu	0+
¹⁵⁹Sm	62	97	158.93321(11)	11.37(15) s	β⁻	¹⁵⁹Eu	5/2-
¹⁶⁰Sm	62	98	159.93514(21)#	9.6(3) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁰Eu	0+
¹⁶¹Sm	62	99	160.93883(32)#	4.8(8) s	β⁻	¹⁶¹Eu	7/2+#
¹⁶²Sm	62	100	161.94122(54)#	2.4(5) s	β⁻	¹⁶²Eu	0+
¹⁶³Sm	62	101	162.94536(75)#	1# s	β⁻	¹⁶³Eu	1/2-#
¹⁶⁴Sm	62	102	163.94828(86)#	500# ms	β⁻	¹⁶⁴Eu	0+
¹⁶⁵Sm	62	103	164.95298(97)#	200# ms	β⁻	¹⁶⁵Eu	5/2-#

備註：畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，只是理論推測而已，而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。

←	同位素列表	→
钷的同位素	釤的同位素	銪的同位素

註釋编辑

^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
^ Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
^ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁴⁰Nd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁴⁴Nd
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Primordial radioisotope
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Fission product
^ Used in Samarium-neodymium dating
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Neutron poison in reactors
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁴⁵Nd with a half-life over 2×10¹⁵ years
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁴⁶Nd
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁴⁸Nd
^ Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹⁵⁴Gd with a half-life over 2.3×10¹⁸ years

参考文獻编辑

^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
^ Samir Maji; et al. Separation of samarium and neodymium: a prerequisite for getting signals from nuclear synthesis. Analyst. 2006, 131 (12): 1332–1334. Bibcode:2006Ana...131.1332M. PMID 17124541. doi:10.1039/b608157f.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Kinoshita, N.; Paul, M.; Kashiv, Y.; Collon, P.; Deibel, C. M.; DiGiovine, B.; Greene, J. P.; Henderson, D. J.; Jiang, C. L.; Marley, S. T.; Nakanishi, T.; Pardo, R. C.; Rehm, K. E.; Robertson, D.; Scott, R.; Schmitt, C.; Tang, X. D.; Vondrasek, R.; Yokoyama, A. A Shorter ¹⁴⁶Sm Half-Life Measured and Implications for ¹⁴⁶Sm-¹⁴²Nd Chronology in the Solar System. Science. 30 March 2012, 335 (6076): 1614–1617. Bibcode:2012Sci...335.1614K. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 22461609. S2CID 206538240. arXiv:1109.4805  . doi:10.1126/science.1215510 （英语）. （已撤稿，见doi:10.1126/science.adh7739)
^ Kinoshita, N.; Paul, M.; Kashiv, Y.; Collon, P.; Deibel, C. M.; DiGiovine, B.; Greene, J. P.; Jiang, C. L.; Marley, S. T.; Pardo, R. C.; Rehm, K. E.; Robertson, D.; Scott, R.; Schmitt, C.; Tang, X. D.; Vondrasek, R.; Yokoyama, A. Retraction. Science. 30 March 2023, 379 (6639): 1307. Bibcode:2023Sci...379.1307K. PMID 36996231. S2CID 236990856. doi:10.1126/science.adh7739  .
- Joelving, Frederik. One small error for a physicist, one giant blunder for planetary science. Retraction Watch. 30 March 2023 [30 March 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.
^ He, M.; Shen, H.; Shi, G.; Yin, X.; Tian, W.; Jiang, S. Half-life of ¹⁵¹Sm remeasured. Physical Review C. 2009, 80 (6): 064305. Bibcode:2009PhRvC..80f4305H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.80.064305.
^ 存档副本. [2015-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

[6] Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)

[8] Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition

[9] Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)

[10] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁴⁰Nd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁴⁴Nd

[PN-11] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Primordial radioisotope

[FP-12] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Fission product

[13] Used in Samarium-neodymium dating

[NP-14] 8.0 ^8.1 Neutron poison in reactors

[15] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁴⁵Nd with a half-life over 2×10¹⁵ years

[16] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁴⁶Nd

[17] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁴⁸Nd

[18] Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹⁵⁴Gd with a half-life over 2.3×10¹⁸ years

[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[2] Samir Maji; et al. Separation of samarium and neodymium: a prerequisite for getting signals from nuclear synthesis. Analyst. 2006, 131 (12): 1332–1334. Bibcode:2006Ana...131.1332M. PMID 17124541. doi:10.1039/b608157f.

[retracted2012-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Kinoshita, N.; Paul, M.; Kashiv, Y.; Collon, P.; Deibel, C. M.; DiGiovine, B.; Greene, J. P.; Henderson, D. J.; Jiang, C. L.; Marley, S. T.; Nakanishi, T.; Pardo, R. C.; Rehm, K. E.; Robertson, D.; Scott, R.; Schmitt, C.; Tang, X. D.; Vondrasek, R.; Yokoyama, A. A Shorter ¹⁴⁶Sm Half-Life Measured and Implications for ¹⁴⁶Sm-¹⁴²Nd Chronology in the Solar System. Science. 30 March 2012, 335 (6076): 1614–1617. Bibcode:2012Sci...335.1614K. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 22461609. S2CID 206538240. arXiv:1109.4805  . doi:10.1126/science.1215510 （英语）. （已撤稿，见doi:10.1126/science.adh7739)

[4] Kinoshita, N.; Paul, M.; Kashiv, Y.; Collon, P.; Deibel, C. M.; DiGiovine, B.; Greene, J. P.; Jiang, C. L.; Marley, S. T.; Pardo, R. C.; Rehm, K. E.; Robertson, D.; Scott, R.; Schmitt, C.; Tang, X. D.; Vondrasek, R.; Yokoyama, A. Retraction. Science. 30 March 2023, 379 (6639): 1307. Bibcode:2023Sci...379.1307K. PMID 36996231. S2CID 236990856. doi:10.1126/science.adh7739  .
Joelving, Frederik. One small error for a physicist, one giant blunder for planetary science. Retraction Watch. 30 March 2023 [30 March 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.

[17] Joelving, Frederik. One small error for a physicist, one giant blunder for planetary science. Retraction Watch. 30 March 2023 [30 March 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.

[5] He, M.; Shen, H.; Shi, G.; Yin, X.; Tian, W.; Jiang, S. Half-life of ¹⁵¹Sm remeasured. Physical Review C. 2009, 80 (6): 064305. Bibcode:2009PhRvC..80f4305H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.80.064305.

[7] 存档副本. [2015-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.

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