醫療用碘

碘
臨床資料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Iodoflex, Iodosorb, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
给药途径	局部、口服、肌肉注射
ATC碼	D08AG (WHO) ;
识别信息
CAS号	7553-56-2

醫療用碘（英語：Iodine）是用以預防碘缺乏病，以及當作消毒藥水之用^[1]^[2]，對於碘缺乏病的患者，可以予以口服或採肌肉注射^[1]，作為消毒藥水之用時，可用於濕潤的傷口，或手術前的皮膚消毒（英语：Skin disinfection）^[2]。

若用於皮膚上，常見的副作用是會有刺激感和將皮膚染色^[2]，當口服或注射給藥時，可能的副作用為出現過敏反應、導致甲狀腺腫和甲狀腺疾病^[1]，僅有在碘普遍缺乏的地區，才建議用於孕婦身上，其他情形不建議孕婦使用^[1]^[2]。碘是一種必需微量元素^[1]。

法國化學家貝爾納·庫爾圖瓦於1811年從海藻裡分離出碘，瑞士物理學家尚·弗朗索瓦·寬德（英语：Jean-François Coindet）在1820年發現，碘的攝取量和甲狀腺腫的大小有關^[3]；早在發現之初，碘就作為消毒藥水及用於治療甲狀腺腫^[4]^[5]。在世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單上，將碘列為醫療系統中不可或缺的有效安全藥物之一^[6]。超過 110 國可以取得含碘的鹽錠（或稱碘鹽）^[7]，在碘單日攝取量低的地區，一年劑量碘鹽的單劑建議價格約在0.32 美元之譜^[8]^[1]。

藥品编辑

在醫療上，有許多含有碘的藥品^[9]：

碘化钾（補充劑）
盧戈氏碘液（補充劑及殺菌劑）
聚维酮碘（殺菌劑）
碘海醇（顯影劑）
泛影酸（英语：amidotrizoate）（顯影劑）
碘托葡甲胺（英语：meglumine iotroxate）（顯影劑）
碘的同位素
碘酊
nascent iodine（英语：nascent iodine）
碘番酸（英语：Iopanoic acid）（顯影劑）
胺碘酮（含30%的碘)

參考資料编辑

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009: 499 [8 January 2017]. ISBN 9789241547659. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Iodine. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2017）.
^ Leung, AM; Braverman, LE; Pearce, EN. History of U.S. iodine fortification and supplementation. Nutrients. Nov 13, 2012, 4 (11): 1740–6. PMC 3509517  . PMID 23201844. doi:10.3390/nu4111740. （原始内容存档于2014-01-02）.
^ Preedy, Victor R.; Burrow, Gerard N.; Watson, Ronald Ross. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Academic Press. 2009: 135. ISBN 9780080920863. （原始内容存档于2017-08-12）（英语）.
^ Sneader, Walter. Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. 2005. ISBN 9780471899792. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.
^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016）.
^ Watson, Ronald Ross; Gerald, Joe K.; Preedy, Victor R. Nutrients, Dietary Supplements, and Nutriceuticals: Cost Analysis Versus Clinical Benefits. Springer Science & Business Media. 2010: 37. ISBN 9781607613084. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.
^ Rosso, Joy Miller Del; Marek, Tonia. Class Action: Improving School Performance in the Developing World Through Better Health and Nutrition. World Bank Publications. 1996: 21. ISBN 9780821336724. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.
^ The selection and use of essential medicines: Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). (PDF). WHO. 2015: many [8 December 2016]. ISBN 9789240694941. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于20 December 2016）.

[WHO2008-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009: 499 [8 January 2017]. ISBN 9789241547659. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016）.

[AHFS2017-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Iodine. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2017）.

[Leung-3] Leung, AM; Braverman, LE; Pearce, EN. History of U.S. iodine fortification and supplementation. Nutrients. Nov 13, 2012, 4 (11): 1740–6. PMC 3509517  . PMID 23201844. doi:10.3390/nu4111740. （原始内容存档于2014-01-02）.

[4] Preedy, Victor R.; Burrow, Gerard N.; Watson, Ronald Ross. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Academic Press. 2009: 135. ISBN 9780080920863. （原始内容存档于2017-08-12）（英语）.

[5] Sneader, Walter. Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. 2005. ISBN 9780471899792. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.

[WHO19th-6] WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016）.

[7] Watson, Ronald Ross; Gerald, Joe K.; Preedy, Victor R. Nutrients, Dietary Supplements, and Nutriceuticals: Cost Analysis Versus Clinical Benefits. Springer Science & Business Media. 2010: 37. ISBN 9781607613084. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.

[8] Rosso, Joy Miller Del; Marek, Tonia. Class Action: Improving School Performance in the Developing World Through Better Health and Nutrition. World Bank Publications. 1996: 21. ISBN 9780821336724. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.

[WHO2015Use-9] The selection and use of essential medicines: Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). (PDF). WHO. 2015: many [8 December 2016]. ISBN 9789240694941. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于20 December 2016）.

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