达罗毗荼语系
达罗毗
达罗毗荼语系 | |
---|---|
地理分佈 | 南亚 |
谱系学分类 | 世界上的主要语系之一 |
分支 | 北达罗毗荼语族 中达罗毗荼语族 中南达罗毗荼语族 |
语言代码 | |
ISO 639-2 / 5 | dra |
– | |
達羅毗荼語系各語族的地理分佈: |
歷史编辑
达罗毗語言普遍被認為是在印度-雅利安語系傳入印度次大陸前,印度次大陸上最廣泛使用的語言。一些學者認為达罗毗語是在公元前三千到四千年前,從伊朗高原傳入印度次大陸,但也有部分學者認為該語言起源於印度次大陸。[2]
达罗毗荼语言列表编辑
达罗毗荼大多是印度国内使用的语言(下述有注明者除外)。
參考文獻编辑
- Robert Caldwell, A comparative grammar of the Dravidian, or, South-Indian family of languages, London: Harrison, 1856; Reprinted London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd., 1913; rev. ed. by J.L. Wyatt and T. Ramakrishna Pillai, Madras, University of Madras, 1961, reprint Asian Educational Services, 1998. ISBN 978-81-206-0117-8
- Campbell, A.D., A grammar of the Teloogoo language, commonly termed the Gentoo, peculiar to the Hindoos inhabiting the northeastern provinces of the Indian peninsula, 3d ed. Madras, Printed at the Hindu Press, 1849.
- Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, The Dravidian Languages, Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-77111-5
- Subrahmanyam, P.S., Dravidian Comparative Phonology, Annamalai University, 1983.
- Zvelebil, Kamil., Dravidian Linguistics: An Introduction", PILC (Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture), 1990
- Zvelebil, Kamil., Tamil Literature, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1975, ISBN 978-90-04-04190-5
- Kuiper, F.B.J., Aryans in the Rig Veda, Rodopi, 1991, ISBN 978-90-5183-307-2 (CIP)
- Witzel, Michael, Early Sources for South Asian Substrate Languages.Boston (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), "Mother Tongue", extra number 1999
- Trask, Robert Lawrence. The Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Routledge. 2000. ISBN 1579582184.
外部連結编辑
- Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). The complete dravidian etymological dictionary in a searchable online form.
- Dravidian languages page in MultiTree Project.
- Dravidian languages page in SIL Ethnologue (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Dravidian from Etruscan (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Paper claiming a relationship between Dravidian and Etruscan.
- Dravidian origin of the Guanches (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). A paper claiming a Dravidian origin for the language of the Guanches.
- Tamil and Japanese (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- http://www.brahui.tk (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) A site by Shafique-Ur-Rehman, Its all about Brahui People live mostly in Balochistan, Pakistan.
- A subsection of the "Languages of the World" Site maintained by the National Virtual Translation Center in Washington DC.
- ^ Overview of Dravidian languages. Encyclopædia Britannica. [4 July 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-13).
- ^ Tamil Literature Society, Tamil Culture 10, Academy of Tamil Culture, 1963 [2008-11-25], (原始内容存档于2022-06-09),
... together with the evidence of archaeology would seem to suggest that the original Dravidian-speakers entered India from Iran in the fourth millennium BC ...
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