牡蠣屬

本屬物種的歷史非常悠久：其化石紀錄最遠可追遡至二叠纪到第四紀期間（2.59億年前至現在），而且遍佈全世界。現時本屬之下有約150個化石種^[2][3]。

當中加州（英语：Central California）太平洋海岸進行考古学發掘之時，至少有一個本屬物種（當中包括Ostrea lurida（英语：Ostrea lurida））的化石被發掘出來。這表明了早期的美國原住民丘马什人以這些物種為其食物來源^[4]。

過往本屬物種最高曾多達400個，但現時絕大多數均已被分到不同的屬去。截至2018年7月4日 (2018-07-04)^[update]，WoRMS紀錄的物種計有^[2][1]：

• Ostrea angelica Rochebrune, 1895
• Ostrea arcula Marwick, 1928 †
• Ostrea atherstonei Newton, 1913
• Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1844
• Ostrea circumpicta Pilsbry, 1904
• Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857
• 密鱗牡蠣 Ostrea denselamellosa (Lischke（英语：Karl Emil Lischke）, 1869)：又名拖鞋牡蠣。
• Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758
• Ostrea futamiensis Seki, 1929
• Ostrea libella Weisbord, 1964
• Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864
• †Ostrea margaritae Pilsbry, 1918
• Ostrea megodon Hanley, 1846
• Ostrea oleomargarita Oliver, Salvi, and Al-Kandari ^[5]
• Ostrea puelchana d'Orbigny, 1842
• Ostrea stentina Payraudeau, 1826
• †Ostrea tatei Suter, 1913
• †Ostrea waitangiensis Marwick, 1928

異名

• †Ostrea albertensis Russell & Landes, 1937
• Ostrea angasi Sowerby, 1846
• †Ostrea angulata Sowerby, 1840
• †Ostrea angusta Deshayes, 1824
• †Ostrea anomialis Lamarck, 1819
• †Ostrea antarctica Zinsmeister, 1984
• †Ostrea arenicola Tate, 1886
• Ostrea aupouria Dinamani, 1981
• †Ostrea beloiti Logan, 1899
• †Ostrea bicolor Hanley, 1854
• †Ostrea blackensis Stephenson, 1923
• †Ostrea brongniarti Bronn, 1856
• Ostrea californica Mareon, 1858
• †Ostrea carolinensis Conrad, 1832
• †Ostrea castellobrancoi Maury 1936
• †Ostrea cochlear Poli, 1795
• †Ostrea compressirostra Say, 1824
• †Ostrea costaricensis Olsson, 1922
• 緣齒牡蠣 Ostrea crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871^[6]:82：今作Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)^[7][8]。
• Ostrea crenulimarginata Gabb, 1860
• Ostrea cristata Born, 1778
• †Ostrea cubitus Deshayes, 1832
• Ostrea cumingiana Dunker, 1846
• †Ostrea cynthiae Maury, 1912
• †Ostrea democraciana Hodson et al., 1927
• †Ostrea dorsalis Azzaroli, 1958
• Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758- Edible oyster or Belon oyster（英语：Belon oyster）
• 棘刺牡蠣 Ostrea echinata
• †Ostrea edwilsoni Stoyanow, 1949
• †Ostrea eorivularis Oyama & Mizuno, 1958
• Ostrea equestris (Say（英语：Thomas Say）, 1834)- Crested oyster（英语：Crested oyster）
• Ostrea erici Hertlein, 1929
• Ostrea flavicans Linnaeus, 1758
• 葉片牡蠣 Ostrea folium ^[6]:82：又名薄片牡蠣，今作Dendostrea folium。
• †Ostrea forskali Chemnitz, 1785
• †Ostrea fraasi Mayer-Eymar, 1888
• †Ostrea frondosa de Serres, 1829
• †Ostrea gajensis Vredenburg, 1928
• †Ostrea gingensis Schlotheim, 1813
• Ostrea glabra Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea golfotristensis Maury 1912
• †Ostrea haleyi Hertlein, 1933
• †Ostrea hippopus Tate, 1886
• 舌骨牡蠣 Ostrea hyotis ^[6]:82
• †Ostrea hyotidoidea Tate, 1899
• †Ostrea imbricata Lamarck, 1819
• †Ostrea incisa Martin, 1883
• †Ostrea invalida White, 1887
• Ostrea iridescens Gray, 1854
• †Ostrea jogjacartensis Martin, 1914
• †Ostrea khamirensis Cox, 1936
• †Ostrea latimarginata Vredenburg, 1908
• †Ostrea longirostris Lamarck, 1806
• †Ostrea ludensis Deshayes, 1861
• †Ostrea lutaria Hutton, 1885
• Ostrea maculosa Forskål, 1775
• †Ostrea manubriata Tate, 1887
• †Ostrea marginidentata Wood, 1861
• †Ostrea matercula de Verneuil, 1845
• †Ostrea mauricensis Gabb, 1860
• †Ostrea mesenterica Morton, 1834
• †Ostrea messor Maury, 1925
• †Ostrea minbuensis Cotter, 1923
• †Ostrea minerensis Russell & Landes, 1937
• Ostrea minuta Linnaeus, 1758
• Ostrea miradorensis Olsson, 1931
• †Ostrea monetalis Martin, 1931
• 咬齒牡蠣 Ostrea mordax ：今作黑齒牡蠣
• †Ostrea negritensis Olsson, 1928
• †Ostrea normali Gardner, 1926
• Ostrea obliterata Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea pangadiensis Hislop, 1859
• †Ostrea paracasensis Rivera, 1957
• †Ostrea parasitica Gmelin, 1791
• †Ostrea paroxis Lesueur, 1829
• †Ostrea parrensis Vega et al., 1999
• †Ostrea pejerreyensis Rivera, 1957
• Ostrea pellucens Linnaeus, 1758
• Ostrea pesfelis Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea petrosa Fuchs, 1879
• †Ostrea peytoni Richards, 1947
• †Ostrea pileosimilis Martin, 1931
• Ostrea plicatula Gmelin, 1791
• †Ostrea portoricoensis Hubbard, 1920
• †Ostrea princeps Woods, 1850
• †Ostrea procyonis Maury, 1924
• †Ostrea prona Wood, 1861
• †Ostrea protoimbricata Vredenburg, 1928
• †Ostrea pseudocrassissima Fuchs, 1878
• †Ostrea pseudodigitalina Fuchs, 1879
• †Ostrea pseudorissensis Vredenburg, 1928
• †Ostrea pulaskensis Harris, 1892
• Ostrea radula Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea raveneliana Tuomey & Holmes, 1855
• †Ostrea resupinata Deshayes, 1858
• Ostrea retusa Sowerby, 1871
• †Ostrea russelli Russell & Landes, 1937
• †Ostrea samanensis Olsson, 1928
• Ostrea sanguinea Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea saxitoniana McLearn, 1929
• †Ostrea seymourensis Zinsmeister, 1984
• †Ostrea soleniscus Meek, 1893
• Ostrea striatula Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea sturtiana Tate, 1886
• †Ostrea subangulata d'Orbigny, 1852
• †Ostrea submissa Deshayes, 1864
• †Ostrea subradiosa Bohm, 1926
• Ostrea superficialis Forskål, 1775
• †Ostrea tacalensis Hodson et al., 1927
• †Ostrea tayloriana Gabb, 1866
• †Ostrea thalassoklusta Maury, 1912
• 大連灣牡蠣 Ostrea talienwhanensis
• Ostrea tridacnaeformis Cox, 1927
• †Ostrea turkestanensis Romanovski, 1880
• †Ostrea uncinta Lamarck, 1806
• †Ostrea ungulata Nyst, 1843
• †Ostrea ventilabrum Goldfuss, 1826
• †Ostrea vestita Fuchs, 1883
• †Ostrea wiedenmayeri Hodson et al., 1927
• †Ostrea wollastoni Finlay, 1927

• James Dwight Dana (1996) Manual of Geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American Geological History, American Book Co., 1088 pages
• C.Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：牡蠣屬

• 維基物種上的相關信息：牡蠣屬