海座星

海座星(edrioasteroids),又稱座海星,是一类已灭绝棘皮动物,生存于寒武纪中期至二叠纪。海座星营固着滤食生活,无茎(Column),身体扁平,球形或圆柱形,从背部中央的辐射出的五条步帶英语Ambulacrum (anatomy)沟是海座星的典型特徵,步帶沟里长有特殊的管足英语tube feet,用来输送食物到口中。

海座星纲
化石时期:中寒武纪至二叠纪
Streptaster vorticellatus(直徑13毫米),產自美國肯塔基州奧陶統
科学分类 编辑
界:动物界 Animalia
门:棘皮动物门 Echinodermata
纲:海座星纲 Edrioasteroidea
Billings, 1858
  • Cyathocystida
  • 海座星目 Edrioasterida
  • Isorophida英语Isorophida
  • 海蒲團目 Camptostromatoida ?
  • 墊海蕾目 Edrioblastoida ?
Foerstediscus splendens

海座星在棘皮動物門中的具體分類地位尚無共識,有文獻將海座星綱歸入海膽亞門[1][2][3][4],也有資料將其歸入海百合亞門[5],還有假說認為海座星綱是棘皮動物較早分化的幹群,不屬於任何亞門。[6][7][8]

屬及種编辑

僅列出部分屬。

  • ?Arkarua
  • Walcottidiscus英语Walcottidiscus(最古老的海座星,來自於中寒武紀伯吉斯頁岩
    • W. typicalus
  • Kailidiscus英语Kailidiscus
    • K. chinensis
  • 海座星屬 Edrioaster(模式屬)
    • E. bigsbyi
    • E. priscus
  • Edriophus
    • E. levis
  • Paredriophus
    • P. elongatus
  • Totiglobus
    • T. nimius
    • T. lloydi
  • Lebedodiscus
  • 費氏海座星屬 Foerstediscus
    • F. grandi
    • F. splendens
  • Cystaster
    • C. stellatus
  • Cryptogoleus
    • C. chapmani
  • Bellochthus
  • Streptaster
    • S. vorticellatus
  • Cryptogoleus
    • C. chapmani
  • Carneyella
    • C. pilea
    • C. faberi
    • C. ulrichi
  • Isorophus英语Isorophus
    • I. cincinnatiensis
  • Isorophusella
  • 海蒲團屬 Camptostroma
    • C. roddyi
  • Rectitriordo
  • Agelacrinites
  • Krama
    • K. devonicum (Bassler), 1936
  • Parakrama
  • Hemicystites
    • H. bohemica
    • H. chapmani
    • H. devonicus
  • Neoisorophusella
    • N. lanei
    • N. berryi
    • N. maslennikovi
    • N. whitesidei
  • Curvitriordo
  • Thresherodiscus
    • T. ramosa (Foerste, 1914)
  • Postibulla
    • P. westergaardi
  • Parapostibulla
    • P. belli
    • P. graysoni
  • Eopostibulla
  • Pyrgopostibulla
  • Yorkicystis英语Yorkicystis
  • Torquerisediscus
  • Cooperidiscus
  • Dynocystis
  • Stalticodiscus
  • Ulrichidiscus
  • Clavidiscus
  • Discocystis
  • Hypsiclavus
  • Spiraclavus
  • Giganticlavus
  • Lispidecodus
    • L. plinthotus (Kesling, 1967)

参考文献编辑

  1. ^ Fell, Howard and Sepkoski, John. "Echinozoa." Science, 2019-12
  2. ^ "Echinoderms." University of Kentucky,
  3. ^ "Class Edrioasteroidea." The Taxonomicon
  4. ^ Guensberg, Thomas and Sprinkle, James. "Revised Phylogeny and Functional Interpretation of the Edrioasteroidea Based on New Taxa from the Early and Middle Ordovician of Western Utah." Chicago, Ill. : Field Museum of Natural, 1994.
  5. ^ Edrioasteroidea BioLib.cz
  6. ^ Mooi, Rich. 2001-07, "Not All Written in Stone: Interdisciplinary Syntheses in Echinoderm Paleontology." Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79(7) 1209-1231
  7. ^ Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
  8. ^ S. Zamora, I. A. Rahman, C. D. Sumrall, A. P. Gibson, and J. R. Thompson. 2022. Cambrian edrioasteroid reveals new mechanism for secondary reduction of the skeleton in echinoderms. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 289:20212733
  • 张永辂 刘冠邦 边立曾等. 古生物学(上册) (M) 1. 北京: 地质出版社. 1988: 321. ISBN 7-116-00148-4. 
  • 费尔布里奇 雅布隆斯基等. 古生物学百科全书(上册) (M) 1. 北京: 地质出版社. 1989: 336. ISBN 7-116-00271-5.