波斯語語法

波斯語語法（波斯語：دستور زبان فارسی (Dastur-e Zaban-e Farsi)；Persian grammar）是波斯語的語法。波斯語方言變體在伊朗、阿富汗、烏茲別克斯坦（撒馬爾罕、布哈拉以及蘇爾漢河州地區）與塔吉克斯坦等地使用。波斯語類似於許多其他的印歐語言。而波斯語在中古波斯語時期成為一種更具分析性的語言；語法上格位的使用減少，並且摒棄了語法性別的區分。現代波斯語中的語法創新仍然持續存在，波斯語是為數不多的缺乏語法性別區分表達的印歐語言之一。

語序编辑

کتاب آبی را دیدم‎ ketāb-e ābi-rā didam 'I saw the blue book'
کتاب آبی را دیدید‎ ketāb-e ābi-rā didid 'you (all) saw the blue book'

به من گفت که امروز نمی آمد‎ be man goft ke emruz nemi āmad 'he told me that he wasn't coming today'

کتاب آبی را از کتابخانه گرفت‎ ketāb-e ābi-rā az ketābxāne gereft 'she got the blue book from the library'

冠詞编辑

文學: کتاب روی میز است‎ ketāb ru-ye miz ast 'the book is on the table'.
口語: کتابه روی میزه ‎ ketābe ru-ye miz 'e 'the book is on the table'

參考文獻编辑

Abrahams, Simin (2005). Modern Persian: A Course-Book. Routledge.
Bleeck, Arthur Henry (1857). A Concise Grammar of the Persian Language.
Brookshaw, Dominic Parviz (2010). The Routledge Introductory Persian Course: Farsi Shirin Ast. Routledge.
Boyle, John Andrew (1966). Grammar of Modern Persian. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
Dahlen, Ashk (2010). Modern persisk grammatik (2nd edition 2014) (Swedish)
Doctor, Sorabshaw Byramji (1875). A New Grammar Of The Persian Tongue, Part 1, Accidence: For The Use Of The Higher Classes In Schools And Colleges (reprinted 2010).
Elwell-Sutton, L.P. (1963). Elementary Persian Grammar.
Forbes, B. (1985). A Grammar of the Persian Language (reprinted 2003).
Forbes, Duncan (1869). A Grammar of the Persian Language (4th edition).
Ibrahim, Meerza Mohammad (1841). A Grammar Of The Persian Language: To Which Are Subjoined Several Dialogues; With An Alphabetical List Of The English And Persian Terms Of Grammar.
Johnson, Edwin Lee (1917). Historical Grammar of the Ancient Persian Language.
Jones, Sir William (1771). A Grammar of the Persian Language.
Kent, Roland G. (1950). Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon.
Lambton, Ann K.S. (1953) Persian Grammar. Cambridge University Press.
Lazard, Gilbert; Lyon, Shirley A. (1993). A Grammar of Contemporary Persian (Persian Studies, No 14) (paperback).
Mace, John (2003). Persian Grammar: For Reference and Revision. Routledge Curzon.
Mahootian, Shahrzad (1997). Persian (Descriptive Grammars).
Obolensky, Serge; Yazdan Panah, Kambiz; Khaje Nouri, Fereidoun (1963). Persian Basic Course units 1-12. Foreign Service Institute, Washington. (Republished as Spoken Persian in 1973.)
Phillott, D. C. (1919) Higher Persian Grammar: For The Use Of The Calcutta University, vols, 1 and 2. (reprinted 2008)
Rafiee, Abdi (1975). Colloquial Persian. Routledge.
Rosen, Friedrich (reprinted 2010). Modern Persian Colloquial Grammar: Containing a Short Grammar, Dialogues and Extracts from Nasir-Eddin Shah's Diaries, Tales, Etc., and a Vocabulary (originally written in German in 1890).
St. Clair-Tisdall, William (1902). Modern Persian Conversation-Grammar; With Reading Lessons, English-Persian Vocabulary and Persian Letters.
Stilo, Donald L.; Clinton Jerome (1994). Modern Persian: Spoken and Written.
Thackston, Wheeler M. (1993) An Introduction to Persian (3rd edition). IBEX.
Windfuhr, Gernot L. (1979). Persian Grammar: History and State of Its Study (Trends in Linguistics State of the Art Reports, No 12).
Windfuhr, Gernot L. (1980). Modern Persian: Intermediate level 1. University of Michigan Press.
Yousef, Saeed & Torabi, Hayedeh (2012): Basic Persian: A Grammar and Workbook. Routledge.
Yousef, Saeed & Torabi, Hayedeh (2013): Intermediate Persian: A Grammar and Workbook. Routledge.

延伸閲讀编辑

Perry, John R. "Persian morphology." Morphologies of Asia and Africa 2 (2007): 975-1019.
Paul, Ludwig. Persian grammar. Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (编). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. 2018. ISSN 1873-9830.
Windfuhr, Gernot L. Persian grammar: History and state of its study. Vol. 12. Walter de Gruyter, 2011.

參閲编辑

塔吉克語字母

外部連結编辑

Persian Grammar by Navid Fazel （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (English （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）; German) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Persian Grammar and Resources （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Introduction to Persian grammar (in Persian) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Learning Persian grammar: an introduction (in Persian) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
A brief Persian grammar course written by Ahmad Shamlou (in Persian) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
BBC's complete guide to Persian grammar (in Persian) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Grammar and Its Standards （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） is a manuscript, in Arabic, about Persian grammar. It dates from 1553.
دستور زبان پارسی نگارش دکتر نوید فاضل （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（波斯文）
آموزش دستور زبان فارسی،چالش‌ها و راهکارها （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（波斯文）

在線波斯語動詞變位编辑

Persian verb conjugator - Online conjugation of Persian verbs （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

Baike