朱利奧·托諾尼

朱利奧·托諾尼（Giulio Tononi）是威斯康辛大學的精神學教授。他是睡眠研究領域的權威，特別是睡眠成因的研究。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

他對於意識的本質也有所研究，他提出整合資訊理論去解釋意識的成因。^[11]^[12]他和傑拉爾德·埃德爾曼合著《意識的宇宙——物質如何轉變為精神》（A Universe of Consciousness:How Matter Becomes Imagination），此書認為意識是由一般物質的組合中浮現。^[13]^[14]

他的研究被克里斯托夫·科赫描述為是"唯一有前途的意識基礎理論"。 ^[11]

參考编辑

^ Brain Connections Strengthen During Waking Hours, Weaken During Sleep. ScienceDaily. January 2008 [2008-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）.
^ Hard lessons, sound sleep. New Scientist. June 2004 [2008-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-06）.
^ Memory formation: The big sleep. The Economist. April 2008 [2008-05-15].
^ Wisconsin Researchers Identify Sleep Gene. ScienceDaily. April 2008 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.
^ Sarah Graham. Slumbering Fruit Flies Shed Light on Genetics of Sleep Needs. SciAm.com (Scientific American). April 2005 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-01）.
^ Carl Zimmer. Down for the Count. New York Times. November 2005 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-11）.
^ Fruit Flies In Dreamland? "Dozing" Invertebrates May Stir New Sleep-Disorder Studies. ScienceDaily. March 2000 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.
^ Henry Fountain. Study Gives Key Role to Sleep in Helping Brain Learn Anew. New York Times. January 2008 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-25）.
^ Scientists Find Brain Areas Affected By Lack Of Sleep. ScienceDaily. November 2003 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.
^ John Fauber. Turning back brain's clock?: UW sleep study could have implications for disorders. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. May 2007 [2008-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-02）.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Carl Zimmer. Sizing Up Consciousness by Its Bits. New York Times. September 20, 2010 [2010-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-29）.
^ A New Scientific Approach To Solving An Age-Old Question -- How Does The Brain Gives Rise To Consciousness?. ScienceDaily. December 1998 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-10）.
^ Gerard Edelman; Giulio Tononi. Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination (book). Allen Lane. June 2000.
^ Steven Poole. Mind games: Gerald Edelman and Giulio Tononi dodge the question of free will in Consciousness. Guardian Unlimited. June 2000 [2008-05-14].

[1] Brain Connections Strengthen During Waking Hours, Weaken During Sleep. ScienceDaily. January 2008 [2008-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）.

[2] Hard lessons, sound sleep. New Scientist. June 2004 [2008-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-06）.

[3] Memory formation: The big sleep. The Economist. April 2008 [2008-05-15].

[4] Wisconsin Researchers Identify Sleep Gene. ScienceDaily. April 2008 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.

[5] Sarah Graham. Slumbering Fruit Flies Shed Light on Genetics of Sleep Needs. SciAm.com (Scientific American). April 2005 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-01）.

[6] Carl Zimmer. Down for the Count. New York Times. November 2005 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-11）.

[7] Fruit Flies In Dreamland? "Dozing" Invertebrates May Stir New Sleep-Disorder Studies. ScienceDaily. March 2000 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.

[8] Henry Fountain. Study Gives Key Role to Sleep in Helping Brain Learn Anew. New York Times. January 2008 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-25）.

[9] Scientists Find Brain Areas Affected By Lack Of Sleep. ScienceDaily. November 2003 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.

[10] John Fauber. Turning back brain's clock?: UW sleep study could have implications for disorders. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. May 2007 [2008-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-02）.

[Sizing_Up_Consciousness_by_Its_Bits-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Carl Zimmer. Sizing Up Consciousness by Its Bits. New York Times. September 20, 2010 [2010-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-29）.

[12] A New Scientific Approach To Solving An Age-Old Question -- How Does The Brain Gives Rise To Consciousness?. ScienceDaily. December 1998 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-10）.

[13] Gerard Edelman; Giulio Tononi. Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination (book). Allen Lane. June 2000.

[14] Steven Poole. Mind games: Gerald Edelman and Giulio Tononi dodge the question of free will in Consciousness. Guardian Unlimited. June 2000 [2008-05-14].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]