昼夜节律
晝夜節律(英語:circadian rhythm)又称日夜節律、概日節律、日變週期、生理時鐘(physiological clock),是一種生理現象,以內源性、持續的,呈現以約24小時為周期的變動;由日變時鐘(circadian clock)所驅動。包括植物、動物、真菌等,都被觀察到有類似生理變化。英语 circadian 源自拉丁语 circa,為大約、大概的意思;拉丁语 diem 是一天、一日之意。合起來,在字面上的意思,是大約一天。
昼夜振荡器(circadian oscillator)则是驱动昼夜节律的中枢机制,使生物的生理节律与昼夜周期相一致,以近24小时为周期而振荡的节律,由基因产物作用于基因启动子所组成的反馈回路或其他反馈回路。
2017年来自美国的三位遗传学家杰弗理·霍尔(Jeffrey Hall)、迈克尔·罗斯巴希(Michael Rosbash)和迈克尔·扬(Michael Young)因发现控制昼夜节律的分子机制而共同赢得了诺贝尔生理医学奖。
延伸閱讀编辑
- Aschoff, J. (ed.) (1965) Circadian Clocks. North Holland Press, Amsterdam
- Avivi, A.; Albrecht, U.; Oster, H.; Joel, A.; Beiles, A.; Nevo, E. Biological clock in total darkness: the Clock/MOP3 circadian system of the blind subterranean mole rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. November 2001, 98 (24): 13751–6. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9813751A. PMC 61113 . PMID 11707566. doi:10.1073/pnas.181484498.
- Avivi, A.; Oster, H.; Joel, A.; Beiles, A.; Albrecht, U.; Nevo, E. Circadian genes in a blind subterranean mammal II: conservation and uniqueness of the three Period homologs in the blind subterranean mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 2002, 99 (18): 11718–23. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9911718A. PMC 129335 . PMID 12193657. doi:10.1073/pnas.182423299.
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- Ditty, J.L.; Williams, S.B.; Golden, S.S. A cyanobacterial circadian timing mechanism. Annual Review of Genetics. 2003, 37: 513–43. PMID 14616072. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.142716.
- Dunlap, J.C.; Loros, J.; DeCoursey, P.J. (2003) Chronobiology: Biological Timekeeping. Sinauer, Sunderland
- Dvornyk, V.; Vinogradova, O.; Nevo, E. Origin and evolution of circadian clock genes in prokaryotes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. March 2003, 100 (5): 2495–500. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.2495D. PMC 151369 . PMID 12604787. doi:10.1073/pnas.0130099100.
- Koukkari, W.L.; Sothern, R.B. (2006) Introducing Biological Rhythms. Springer, New York
- Martino, T.; Arab, S.; Straume, M.; Belsham, Denise D.; et al. Day/night rhythms in gene expression of the normal murine heart. Journal of Molecular Medicine. April 2004, 82 (4): 256–64. PMID 14985853. doi:10.1007/s00109-003-0520-1.
- Refinetti, R. (2006) Circadian Physiology, 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton
- Takahashi, J.S.; Zatz, M. Regulation of circadian rhythmicity. Science. September 1982, 217 (4565): 1104–11. Bibcode:1982Sci...217.1104T. PMID 6287576. doi:10.1126/science.6287576.
- Tomita, J.; Nakajima, M.; Kondo, T.; Iwasaki, H. No transcription-translation feedback in circadian rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation. Science. January 2005, 307 (5707): 251–4. Bibcode:2005Sci...307..251T. PMID 15550625. doi:10.1126/science.1102540.
- Moore-Ede, Martin C.; Sulzman, Frank M.; Fuller, Charles A. The Clocks that Time Us: Physiology of the Circadian Timing System. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1982. ISBN 0-674-13581-4.
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