拉丁語短語列表

拉丁語短語列表(List of Latin phrases)以下是一些常用的拉丁文短语。拉丁语罗马帝国的官方语言,现在欧洲的许多语言都含有拉丁语的借词。许多拉丁语词汇也是从古希腊文引入。在歐美的排版規則中,外來語要使用斜體表示,因此這些拉丁語在英語文章中也通常用斜體,但也存在不少例外,如 am (上午)等就不會使用斜體。

由于两千多年來的改变,许多词的含义和用法已经改变了。请读者参考专业辞典。比如“ad hominem”直译是“对着人”,英文常用的意思是“從個人偏好出發”或“呼吁个人的同情”,但是在哲学上的意思是“人身攻击的谬误”。[1]

拉丁語短語列表编辑

拉丁短语缩写英语直译中文翻译
a fortiorifrom the stronger更加、舉重以明輕
ad libitumad-libat one's pleasure随意、即兴
a posteriorifrom the latter归纳地後驗、以经验为根据(對照:a priori)
a priorifrom the former演绎地先驗、以推论为根据(對照:a posteriori)
ad hocfor this特设的、特定目的的(地)、即席的、临时的、将就的、专案的
ad hominemto the man诉诸人身、对人不对事、因人废言、以人废言或人身攻击的谬误
ad infinitumto infinity无限地
ad nauseamto sea sickness令人作呕地
anno DominiA.D.in the year of our Lord公元
ante meridiema.m.before noon上午
bona fidein good faith真诚的、无欺的
camera obscuradark chamber暗箱
carpe diemseize the day及时行乐、抓住时机
ceteris paribuswith all other factors the same其他条件[情况]均同
circaca.about; used especially in approximate dates大约
cum laudewith honor优等、拉丁文学位荣誉
de factofrom the fact事实上的(對照:de jure)
de jureconcerning the law, by right規則上的(對照:de facto)
et aliaet al.and others; and elsewhere以及其他、等等
et ceteraetc.and the rest; and so forth; and so on以及其他、等等
ex librisfrom the books从书中、参见藏书票
ex partefrom part, from one side片面的
ex post factoafterwards事后的、有追溯效力的
ex situthe opposite of "in situ"异位的
exempli gratiae.g.for example; such as例如
ibidemibid.in the aformentioned place同前引证
id esti.e.that is
idemthe same as previously given同上
in camerain a chamber, in private, secretly私下地、法官室
in loco parentisin place of a parent代替父母
in medias resinto the midst of things(情节)中间切入
in situin place or position undisturbed在原处
in vivo"in the living", (performed) in a living organism在活体内
inter aliaamong other things除其他因素之外
intra vireswithin the power权力之内,有权行为(對照:ultra vires)
ipse dixithe himself said it亲口所述、没有证实的断言
ipso factoby the fact itself根据事实
locum tenensplace holder暫時代班、具同等資歷、常用於醫生、神職、常簡化為locum
magna cum laudewith great honor极优等、拉丁文学位荣誉
magnum opusa great work巨著,杰作
memento moriremember that you must die死的象征、记住你会死
mirabile dictuwonderful to say说也奇怪
mirabile visuwonderful to see光怪陆离的
modus operandiway of operating操作方法、程序、习惯
ne plus ultra(go) no more beyond极致、极点
noli me tangeredo not touch me禁止接触
non sequiturit does not follow不合逻辑的推论
nota benenote well值得留意、請讀者留意
O tempora, o mores!Oh the times! Oh the customs!这是什么时代!什么风尚!
opere citatoop. cit.in the work cited在列举的著作中
per capitaby heads按人头算、每人
per diemby the day按日给予津贴、每日
per fas et nefasby right or wrong無論好壞、無論正當與否
per seby or of itself本身,本质上
persona gratapleasing person受欢迎的人,接受外交官(對照:persona non grata)
persona non grataunwelcome person不受欢迎的人,驱逐外交官(對照:persona grata)
post hocafter this後此謬誤(後此故因此謬誤)
post meridiemp.m.after noon下午
post mortemafter death死后、验尸、事后
post partumafter birth产后
prima facieat first appearance乍看的、表面的、自明的
pro formafor form形式上的、提前的、备考的(商业文件)
quid pro quosomething given in exchange for something交换物、替代物、报复
quod erat demonstrandumQ.E.D.which had to be shown即证
sicthus原文如此
sine diewithout a day, indefinitely无限期地、未定地
sine qua nonwithout which not没有什么(原因)不、要素、先决条件
status quoin state in which现状
sui generisof its own kind, unique, peculiar别具一格的
summa cum laudewith highest honor最优等、拉丁文学位荣誉
tempus fugittime flies光阴似箭
ultra viresbeyond the power权力之外,越权行为(對照:intra vires)
vice versaconversely; in reverse order from that stated反之亦然、反者亦然
vide antesee before见前
vide infrasee below见下
vide postsee after见后
vide suprasee above见上
videlicetviz.that is to say; namely即、就是说、换言之

註釋编辑

  1. ^ "ad hominem(從個人偏好出發)"[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),词霸在线词典,2017/10/15.

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