姬蛛科

球蛛科
	黑寡婦蜘蛛
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	蛛形纲 Arachnida
目：	蜘蛛目 Araneae
亚目：	背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae
下目：	新蛛亞目 Araneomorphae
演化支：	复杂生殖器类 Entelegynae
演化支：	圆网蛛类 Orbiculariae
总科：	金蛛總科 Araneoidea
科：	球蛛科 Theridiidae; Sundevall（英语：Carl Jakob Sundevall）, 1833
屬
	超過100屬

姬蛛科（學名：Theridiidae）又名姬蜘科、球蛛科，是蜘蛛目下的一個大科，其下共有100多屬、2200多種蜘蛛^[1]。分佈遍及全球^[2]。

常結不規則網於牛棚，人的住所等處。母蜘蛛將梅核形卵包掛在網中。蜘蛛毒一般是針對其獵物，對人之影響不大，一般姬蜘科蜘蛛並不危險，但其中亦有黑寡婦蜘蛛。

分類编辑

截至2015年11月 (2015-11)^[update]，世界蜘蛛名錄收錄有以下幾屬：^[3]

Achaearanea Strand, 1929
Achaearyopa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
Achaeridion Wunderlich, 2008
Allothymoites Ono, 2007
Ameridion Wunderlich, 1995
Anatea Berland, 1927
Anatolidion Wunderlich, 2008
阿内蛛属 Anelosimus Simon, 1891
Argyrodella Saaristo, 2006
Argyrodes Simon, 1864
Ariamnes Thorell, 1869
Asagena Sundevall, 1833
Asygyna Agnarsson, 2006
Audifia Keyserling, 1884
Bardala Saaristo, 2006
Borneoridion Deeleman & Wunderlich, 2011
Brunepisinus Yoshida & Koh, 2011
Cabello Levi, 1964
Cameronidion Wunderlich, 2011
钟蛛属 Campanicola Yoshida, 2015
Canalidion Wunderlich, 2008
Carniella Thaler & Steinberger, 1988
Cephalobares O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870
Cerocida Simon, 1894
Chikunia
Yoshida, 2009
- Chikunia albipes (Saito, 1935)
- Chikunia bilde Smith, Agnarsson & Grinsted, 2019^[4]
- Chikunia nigra (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1880)
Chorizopella Lawrence, 1947
Chrosiothes Simon, 1894
Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
Coleosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
Coscinida Simon, 1895
Craspedisia Simon, 1894
Cretaraneus
Selden, 1990
- Cretaraneus liaoningensis Cheng et al., 2008
- Cretaraneus martinsnetoi Mesquita, 1996
- Cretaraneus vilaltae Selden, 1990
Crustulina Menge, 1868
Cryptachaea Archer, 1946
Cyllognatha L. Koch, 1872
Deelemanella Yoshida, 2003
圆腹蛛属 Dipoena Thorell, 1869
Dipoenata Wunderlich, 1988
Dipoenura Simon, 1909
Echinotheridion Levi, 1963
Emertonella Bryant, 1945
Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880
丘腹蛛属 Episinus Latreille, 1809
Euryopis Menge, 1868
Eurypoena Wunderlich, 1992
Exalbidion Wunderlich, 1995
Faiditus Keyserling, 1884
Gmogala Keyserling, 1890
Grancanaridion Wunderlich, 2011
Guaraniella Baert, 1984
Hadrotarsus Thorell, 1881
Helvibis Keyserling, 1884
Helvidia Thorell, 1890
Hentziectypus Archer, 1946
Heterotheridion Wunderlich, 2008
Hetschkia Keyserling, 1886
Histagonia Simon, 1895
Icona Forster, 1955
Jamaitidion Wunderlich, 1995
Janula Strand, 1932
Kochiura Archer, 1950
Landoppo Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
Lasaeola Simon, 1881
寇蛛属 Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805
Macaridion Wunderlich, 1992
Magnopholcomma Wunderlich, 2008
美蒂蛛属 Meotipa Simon, 1894
Molione Thorell, 1892
短跗蛛属 Moneta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870
Montanidion Wunderlich, 2011
Nanume Saaristo, 2006
Neopisinus Marques, Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011
Neospintharus Exline, 1950
Neottiura Menge, 1868
Nesopholcomma Ono, 2010
Nesticodes Archer, 1950
Nipponidion Yoshida, 2001
Nojimaia Yoshida, 2009
Ohlertidion Wunderlich, 2008
Okumaella Yoshida, 2009
Paidiscura Archer, 1950
Parasteatoda Archer, 1946
Paratheridula Levi, 1957
Pholcomma Thorell, 1869
Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835
藻蛛属 Phycosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
Phylloneta Archer, 1950
Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008
Proboscidula Miller, 1970
Propostira Simon, 1894
Pycnoepisinus Wunderlich, 2008
Rhomphaea L. Koch, 1872
罗伯蛛属 Robertus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
Ruborridion Wunderlich, 2011
Rugathodes Archer, 1950
Sardinidion Wunderlich, 1995
Selkirkiella Berland, 1924
Sesato Saaristo, 2006
Seycellesa Koçak & Kemal, 2008
Simitidion Wunderlich, 1992
Spheropistha Yaginuma, 1957
Spinembolia Saaristo, 2006
Spintharus Hentz, 1850
Steatoda Sundevall, 1833
Stemmops O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894
Stoda Saaristo, 2006
Styposis Simon, 1894
高蛛属 Takayus Yoshida, 2001
Tamanidion Wunderlich, 2011
Tekellina Levi, 1957
西奥蛛属 Theonoe Simon, 1881
球蛛属 Theridion Walckenaer, 1805
Theridula Emerton, 1882
银板蛛属 Thwaitesia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881
Thymoites Keyserling, 1884
Tidarren Chamberlin & Ivie, 1934
Tomoxena Simon, 1895
Wamba O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896
Wirada Keyserling, 1886
Yaginumena Yoshida, 2002
Yoroa Baert, 1984
汤野蛛属 Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007
Zercidium Benoit, 1977

該科下還有35個已經完全滅絕的屬。^[5]

参考文献编辑

^ Platnick, Norman I. The World Spider Catalog. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-21）.
^ Leong, Misha; Bertone, Matthew A.; Savage, Amy M.; Bayless, Keith M.; Dunn, Robert R.; Trautwein, Michelle D. The Habitats Humans Provide: Factors affecting the diversity and composition of arthropods in houses. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7 (15347) [2018-02-26]. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15584-2. （原始内容存档于2020-03-03）.
^ Family: Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833, World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern), [2015-11-07], （原始内容存档于2020-01-11）
^ Cassandra Smith, Addie Cotter, Lena Grinsted, Anom Bowolaksono, Ni Luh Watiniasih and Ingi Agnarsson. 2019. In A Relationship: Sister Species in Mixed Colonies, with A Description of New Chikunia Species (Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zly083. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly083
^ Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives (PDF). World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. 2015 [2015-11-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-29）.

[1] Platnick, Norman I. The World Spider Catalog. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-21）.

[2] Leong, Misha; Bertone, Matthew A.; Savage, Amy M.; Bayless, Keith M.; Dunn, Robert R.; Trautwein, Michelle D. The Habitats Humans Provide: Factors affecting the diversity and composition of arthropods in houses. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7 (15347) [2018-02-26]. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15584-2. （原始内容存档于2020-03-03）.

[WSC_f101-3] Family: Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833, World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern), [2015-11-07], （原始内容存档于2020-01-11）

[4] Cassandra Smith, Addie Cotter, Lena Grinsted, Anom Bowolaksono, Ni Luh Watiniasih and Ingi Agnarsson. 2019. In A Relationship: Sister Species in Mixed Colonies, with A Description of New Chikunia Species (Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zly083. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly083

[5] Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives (PDF). World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. 2015 [2015-11-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-29）.

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[5]

Baike

姬蛛科

蜘蛛目的一科节肢动物

分類编辑

参考文献编辑