唐納德二世

唐纳德二世
唐纳德二世
	18世纪唐纳德二世想象肖像，但没有任何证据证明他确实长这个样子
皮特克人国王或阿尔巴国王
統治	889年–900年
前任	吉里思王
繼任	康斯坦丁二世
逝世	900年; 福里斯或邓诺特
安葬	伊俄纳岛（Iona）
子嗣	阿尔巴国王马尔科姆一世
王朝	亚尔宾王朝
父親	皮特克人国王康斯坦丁一世

康斯坦丁之子唐纳德(现代盖尔语： Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim)，^[1]汉化称之为唐纳德二世(死于900)，是9世纪晚期皮特克人的国王或苏格兰国王 (阿尔巴)。他是康斯坦丁一世 (Causantín mac Cináeda)之子。唐纳德的绰号有Dásachtach，"狂人"。^[2]

生平编辑

唐纳德在吉里思王 (Giric mac Dúngail)死亡或退位后成为皮特克人国王，他即位的时间很不确定，但通常被认为在889年。阿尔巴国王纪事说：

君士坦丁的儿子唐纳德统治王国11年[889–900]。维京人在这时经常入侵王国。他统治期间，苏格兰和挪威展开过一次大战，最后以苏格兰胜利告终。他在Opidum Fother[今邓诺特 ]被外邦人杀害死。^[3]

有人建议进攻邓诺特，他在邓诺特作战时可能苏格兰遭受了金发哈拉尔的袭击^[4]并导致唐纳德的死亡。但也可能是被斯堪的纳维亚人杀害于福里斯。^[5]唐纳德在900年死亡，他是第一个使用阿尔巴国王的皮特克人国王。他被葬在伊俄纳岛。

由于疆土的扩大，他将皮特克人国王 改为阿尔巴国王。但历史学家认为阿尔巴国王是他的绰号。^[6]一般认为在君士坦丁二世在位时，阿尔巴国王才作为正式头衔使用，^[7]也有人认为在吉里思王在位时正式头衔已是阿尔巴国王。^[8]

阿尔巴纪事记载唐纳德死后，他的堂弟君士坦丁继承了王位。唐纳德的儿子马尔科姆 (Máel Coluim mac Domnall)后来成为阿尔巴国王。^[9]

参见编辑

阿尔巴王国
阿尔巴王国的起源

注释编辑

^ Domnall mac Causantín is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.
^ ESSH, p. 358; Kelly, Early Irish Law, pp. 92–93 & 308: "The dásachtach is the person with manic symptoms who is liable to behave in a violent and destructive manner." The dásachtach is not responsible for his actions. The same word is used of enraged cattle.
^ ESSH, pp. 395–397.
^ ESSH, p 396, note 1 & p. 392, quoting St Olaf's Saga, c. 96.
^ ESSH, pp. 395–398.
^ Smyth, pp. 217–218, disagrees.
^ Thus Broun and Woolf, among others.
^ Duncan, pp.14–15.
^ ESSH, p. 304, note 8; however, the Annals of Ulster, s.a. 904, report the death of Ímar ua Ímair (Ivar grandson of Ivar) in Fortriu in 904, making it possible that Ead (Áed ?) was a king, if not the High King.

参考文献编辑

Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Stamford: Paul Watkins, 1990. ISBN 1-871615-03-8
Anderson, Marjorie Ogilvie, Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, revised edition 1980. ISBN 0-7011-1604-8
Broun, Dauvit, "National identity: 1: early medieval and the formation of Alba" in Michael Lynch (ed.) The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford UP, Oxford, 2001. ISBN 0-19-211696-7
Duncan, A. A. M., The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence., Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-7486-1626-8
Template:Cite GEIL
Smyth, Alfred P., Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80-1000. Reprinted, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1998. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7
Sturluson, Snorri, Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, tr. Lee M. Hollander. Reprinted University of Texas Press, Austin, 1992. ISBN 0-292-73061-6
Woolf, Alex, "Constantine II" in Michael Lynch (ed.) op. cit.

外部链接编辑

CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at University College Cork includes the Annals of Ulster, Tigernach, the Four Masters and Innisfallen, the Chronicon Scotorum, the Lebor Bretnach (which includes the Duan Albanach), Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress.
(CKA) The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba

唐納德二世亚尔宾王朝
統治者頭銜
前任：吉里思王和奥凯德王 ?	阿尔巴国王 889–900	繼任：君士坦丁二世

[1] Domnall mac Causantín is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.

[2] ESSH, p. 358; Kelly, Early Irish Law, pp. 92–93 & 308: "The dásachtach is the person with manic symptoms who is liable to behave in a violent and destructive manner." The dásachtach is not responsible for his actions. The same word is used of enraged cattle.

[3] ESSH, pp. 395–397.

[4] ESSH, p 396, note 1 & p. 392, quoting St Olaf's Saga, c. 96.

[5] ESSH, pp. 395–398.

[6] Smyth, pp. 217–218, disagrees.

[7] Thus Broun and Woolf, among others.

[8] Duncan, pp.14–15.

[9] ESSH, p. 304, note 8; however, the Annals of Ulster, s.a. 904, report the death of Ímar ua Ímair (Ivar grandson of Ivar) in Fortriu in 904, making it possible that Ead (Áed ?) was a king, if not the High King.

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