社會科學

社會科學se5 wui2 fo1 hok6英文social science),粵文簡稱社科se5 fo1,係指有系統咁用科學方法研究人類團體同埋社會嘅學問。

基礎編輯

首先,社會科學建基於「科學」嘅諗頭,會好似物理學化學等嘅自然科學噉跟足科學方法研究;不過同呢啲自然科學唔同嘅係,社科研究嘅係社會人類行為。社科界會:

  1. 根據手上已知係真嘅事實,諗一啲理論出嚟(「基於我哋經已觀察到嘅呢啲現象,我推測啲現象背後嘅法則係噉噉噉,令社會有噉嘅特性」),呢啲理論好多時係用數學模型嘅方式嚟表達嘅[註 1]
  2. 跟手就靠邏輯性嘅思考,去諗吓呢柞理論會做點樣嘅預測(「如果我提倡嘅呢個理論係真確嘅,理應會...」);
  3. 然後就做實驗觀察嚟攞數據,驗證吓個理論嘅預測係咪真確(「如果我呢個理論係真確,呢個實驗理應會得出某個某個結果,而個實際嘅實驗結果係...」);
  4. 如果數據顯示,個理論係做唔到準確嘅預測嘅話,就要一係根據攞到嘅數據睇吓個理論要點改先可以令佢做到準確啲嘅預測,一係就要諗新理論取代舊理論[1]

上述嘅過程會係噉不斷重複,直至手上嘅理論做得到完全準確嘅預測為止-於是乎社會科學就有持續嘅發展,做到愈嚟愈準嘅預測[2][3]

學科編輯

睇埋:科學分枝

社會科學包括:

睇埋編輯

註釋編輯

  1. 當中經濟學零舍興用數學模型。

編輯

  1. Godfrey-Smith 2003, Chapter 14: "Bayesianism and Modern Theories of Evidence".
  2. Brigandt, Ingo; Love, Alan (2017), "Reductionism in Biology", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2017 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
  3. Dougherty, E.R. (2008). "On the Epistemological Crisis in Genomics". Current Genomics. 9 (2): 69-79.
  4. Gluck, Mark A.; Mercado, Eduardo; Myers, Catherine E. (2016). Learning and Memory: From Brain to Behavior. New York/NY, USA: Worth Publishers.
  5. Cattell, R. B. (1988). Psychological theory and scientific method. In Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology (pp. 3-20). Springer, Boston, MA.
  6. Ashley, David; Orenstein, David M. (2005). Sociological Theory: Classical Statements (6 ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
  7. Krugman, Paul; Wells, Robin (2012). Economics (3rd ed.). Worth Publishers.
  8. Halliday, Michael A.K.; Jonathan Webster (2006). On Language and Linguistics. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. vii.
  9. Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E.L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2010), Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge (13th ed.), Cengage Learning,
  10. Stock, W.G., & Stock, M. (2013). Handbook of Information Science. Berlin, Boston, MA: De Gruyter Saur.