Bakterija

Bakterije
	Escherichia coli snimljena SEM-om
Naučna klasifikacija
Domena:	Bacteria;

Bakterije (latinski Bacterium) su velika skupina živih organizama koji su uglavnom mikroskopske veličine i jednostanični, s relativno jednostavnom staničnom strukturom u kojoj nedostaje stanična jezgra i organele kao što su mitohondriji i kloroplasti.^[2]

Bakterije su najraširenije od svih organizama u prirodi.^[3]^[4]^[5] Te su bakterije bile bitne u biološkoj evoluciji, a i danas su osnova svakog hranidbenog lanca u prirodi. Prisutni su u tlu i vodi.^[6] Ostale su bakterije pripadnici fiziološke flore ljudi i životinja (obitavaju na koži, u usnoj i nosnoj sluznici, crijevima, donjem dijelu ženskog spolnog sustava), obavljaju poželjne kemijske procese te se primjenuju u raznim gospodarskim djelatnostima. Od 1500 opisanih vrsta bakterija, samo su stotinjak vrsta ljudski patogeni.

Morfološka i uzgojna svojstva bakterija, njihov rast, metabolizam i genetiku proučava dio mikrobiologije koji se zove bakteriologija. Medicinska bakteriologija proučava rikecije, klamidije i patogene bakterije koje oštećuju organizam proizvodima svojeg metabolizma (toksini).

Povijesni slijed „Bacteria (eubacteria)”. Taxonomy Browser, US National Institute of Health. Pristupljeno 10 September 2008.
↑ Whitman WB, Coleman DC, Wiebe WJ (1998). „Prokaryotes: the unseen majority”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (12): 6578–83. Bibcode 1998PNAS...95.6578W. DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578. PMC 33863. PMID 9618454.
↑ Choi, Charles Q. (17 March 2013). „Microbes Thrive in Deepest Spot on Earth”. LiveScience. Pristupljeno 17 March 2013.
↑ Glud R, Wenzhöfer F, Middelboe M, Oguri K, Turnewitsch R, Canfield DE, Kitazato H (2013). „High rates of microbial carbon turnover in sediments in the deepest oceanic trench on Earth”. Nature Geoscience 6 (4): 284–288. Bibcode 2013NatGe...6..284G. DOI:10.1038/ngeo1773.
↑ Oskin, Becky (14 March 2013). „Intraterrestrials: Life Thrives in Ocean Floor”. LiveScience. Pristupljeno 17 March 2013.
↑ Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Balkwill DL, Kennedy D, Li SM, Kostandarithes HM, Daly MJ, Romine MF, Brockman FJ (2004). „Geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the Hanford site, Washington state”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70 (7): 4230–41. DOI:10.1128/AEM.70.7.4230-4241.2004. PMC 444790. PMID 15240306.

Literatura Uredi

Grozdanović-Radovanović, Jelena: Citologija, ZUNS, Beograd, 2000
Diklić, Vukosava, Kosanović, Marija, Dukić, Smiljka, Nikoliš, Jovanka: Biologija sa humanom genetikom, Grafopan, Beograd, 2001
Pantić, R, V: Biologija ćelije, Univerzitet u Beogradu, beograd, 1997
Petrović, N, Đorđe: Osnovi enzimologije, ZUNS, Beograd, 1998
Šerban, M, Nada: Ćelija - strukture i oblici, ZUNS, Beograd, 2001
Holt, Jack R, Carlos A. Iudica (2009): Taxa of Life Arhivirano 2008-07-03 na Wayback Machine-u
Govedarica Mitar, Mirjana Jarak: Opšta mikrobiologija, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakulet, Odsek za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, 1995.
Alcamo IE (2001). Fundamentals of microbiology. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 0-7637-1067-9.
Atlas RM (1995). Principles of microbiology. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 0-8016-7790-4.
Martinko JM, Madigan MT (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th izd.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.
Holt JC, Bergey DH (1994). Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology (9th izd.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00603-7.
Hugenholtz P, Goebel BM, Pace NR (15 September 1998). „Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity”. J Bacteriol 180 (18): 4765–74. PMC 107498. PMID 9733676. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2008-09-14. Pristupljeno 2015-04-19.
Funke BR, Tortora GJ, Case CL (2004). Microbiology: an introduction (8th izd.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-7614-3.
Shively, Jessup M. (2006). Complex Intracellular Structures in Prokaryotes (Microbiology Monographs). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 3-540-32524-7.
Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Hrsg.): The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria. 7 Bände, 3. Auflage, Springer-Verlag, New York u. a. O., 2006, ISBN 0-387-30740-0. Umfasst auch Archaea.
Joseph W. Lengeler, Gerhart Drews, Hans G. Schlegel (Hrsg.): Biology of the Prokaryotes. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-13-108411-1. Umfasst auch Archaea.
Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Paul V. Dunlop, David P. Clark: Brock – Biology of microorganisms, 12. Ed. (Pearson International Edition), Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, Pearson Education, Inc., San Francisco u. a. O. 2009, ISBN 978-0-321-53615-0. Umfangreiches Lehrbuch, behandelt auch andere Mikroorganismen.
Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko: Brock – Mikrobiologie, 11. überarbeitete Auflage, Pearson Studium, München 2006, ISBN 3-8273-7187-2. Übersetzung von Brock – Biology of microorganisms 11. ed. ins Deutsche, behandelt auch andere Mikroorganismen.
Betsey Dexter Dyer: A field guide to bacteria. Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY, U.S.A. 2003, ISBN 0-8014-8854-0 (Karton), ISBN 0-8014-3902-7 (Leinen). Beobachtungen im Gelände, behandelt auch Archaea.
Karl Bernhard Lehmann & Rudolf Otto Neumann: Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speciellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik. Lehmann, München 1896. Klassisches (veraltetes) Lehrbuch mit Schwerpunkt medizinische Bakteriologie.
Herbert Zuber: Thermophile Bakterien. In: Chemie in unserer Zeit. Bd. 13, Nr. 6, 1979, S. 165–175, ISSN 0009-2851.
Birgit Sattler, Hans Puxbaum, Roland Psenner: Bakterien der Lüfte: Vom Winde verweht. In: Biologie in unserer Zeit. Bd. 32, Nr. 1, 2002, S. 42–49, ISSN 0045-205X.
Silke Wendler: Das Cytoskelett der Bakterien. In: Biologie in unserer Zeit. Bd. 32, Nr. 1, 2002, S. 6, ISSN 0045-205X.
Hans-Curt Fleming, Jost Wingender: Biofilme – die bevorzugte Lebensform der Bakterien: Flocken, Filme und Schlämme. In: Biologie in unserer Zeit. Bd. 31, Nr. 3, 2001, S. 169–180, ISSN 0045-205X.

Vanjske veze Uredi

Mirkobiološka galerija Arhivirano 2006-01-26 na Wayback Machine-u
MicrobeWiki Arhivirano 2015-02-06 na Wayback Machine-u, an extensive wiki about bacteria and viruses
Bacteria that affect crops and other plants
Bacterial Nomenclature Up-To-Date from DSMZ Arhivirano 2007-09-29 na Wayback Machine-u
Genera of the domain Bacteria – list of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
The largest bacteria Arhivirano 2012-12-11 na Wayback Machine-u
Tree of Life: Eubacteria Arhivirano 2014-10-21 na Wayback Machine-u
Videos Arhivirano 2015-11-05 na Wayback Machine-u of bacteria swimming and tumbling, use of optical tweezers and other videos.
Planet of the Bacteria by Stephen Jay Gould
On-line text book on bacteriology
Animated guide to bacterial cell structure.
Bacteria Make Major Evolutionary Shift in the Lab
Online collaboration for bacterial taxonomy.
PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center for bacterial pathogens, funded by NIAID
Bacterial Chemotaxis Interactive Simulator – A web-app that uses several simple algorithms to simulate bacterial chemotaxis.
Cell-Cell Communication in Bacteria Arhivirano 2009-01-30 na Wayback Machine-u on-line lecture by Bonnie Bassler, and TED: Discovering bacteria's amazing communication system Arhivirano 2011-12-05 na Wayback Machine-u
Sulfur-cycling fossil bacteria from the 1.8-Ga Duck Creek Formation provide promising evidence of evolution's null hypothesis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Summarized in: Scientists discover bacteria that haven't evolved in more than 2 billion years, LiveScience and Businessinsider

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Bakterije

Escherichia coli snimljena SEM-om
Naučna klasifikacija
Domena:	Bacteria^[1]