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Prophet's Mosque

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The Prophet's Mosque or Mosque of the Prophet (Arabic: ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلنَّبَوِي‎, romanized: al-Masjid an-Nabawī, lit. 'Mosque of the Prophet'), is the second mosque built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina, after that of Quba, as well as the second largest mosque and holiest site in Islam, after the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, in the Saudi region of the Hejaz.[2] The mosque is located at the heart of Medina, and is a major site of pilgrimage that falls under the purview of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.

The Prophet's Mosque
Al-Masjid An-Nabawī (ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلنَّبَوِي)
A picture of the mosque from the south with the city of Medina in the background
Religion
AffiliationIslam
RiteZiyarah
Leadership
Location
LocationAl-Haram, Al-Medinah 42311, Al-Hejaz
Country Saudi Arabia
Prophet's Mosque is located in Saudi Arabia
Prophet's Mosque
Location in Saudi Arabia
Prophet's Mosque is located in West and Central Asia
Prophet's Mosque
Prophet's Mosque (West and Central Asia)
Prophet's Mosque is located in Earth
Prophet's Mosque
Prophet's Mosque (Earth)
AdministrationThe Agency of the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques
Geographic coordinates24°28′6″N 39°36′39″E / 24.46833°N 39.61083°E / 24.46833; 39.61083
Architecture
TypeReligious architecture
StyleIslamic architecture
FounderMuhammad
Date established623 CE (1 AH)
Specifications
Capacity1,000,000[1]
Minaret(s)10
Minaret height105 m (344 ft)
InscriptionsVerses from the Quran and the names of Allah and Muhammad
Website
wmn.gov.sa

Muhammad himself was involved in the construction of the mosque. At the time, the mosque's land belonged to two young orphans, Sahl and Suhayl, and when they learned that Muhammad wished to acquire their land to erect a mosque, they went to Muhammad and offered the land to him as a gift; Muhammad insisted on paying a price for the land because they were orphaned children. The price agreed upon was paid by Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, who thus became the endower or donor (Arabic: وَاقِف, romanized: wāqif) of the mosque, on behalf or in favor of Muhammad.[3] al-Ansari also accommodated Muhammad upon his arrival at Medina in 622.

Originally an open-air building, the mosque served as a community center, a court of law, and a religious school. It contained a raised platform or pulpit (minbar) for the people who taught the Quran and for Muhammad to give the Friday sermon (khutbah). Subsequent Islamic rulers greatly expanded and decorated the mosque, naming its walls, doors and minarets after themselves and their forefathers. After an expansion during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I, it now incorporates the final resting place of Muhammad and the first two Rashidun caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Al-Khattab.[4] One of the most notable features of the site is the Green Dome in the south-east corner of the mosque,[5] originally Aisha's house,[4] where the tomb of Muhammad is located. Many pilgrims who perform the Hajj also go to Medina to visit the Green Dome.

In 1909, under the reign of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II, it became the first place in the Arabian Peninsula to be provided with electrical lights.[6] From the 14th century, the mosque was guarded by eunuchs, the last remaining guardians were photographed at the request of then-Prince Faisal bin Salman Al Saud, and in 2015, only five were left.[7][8] It is generally open regardless of date or time, and has only been closed to visitors once in modern times, as Ramadan approached during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.[9]

Wiki EnglishWiki JapaneseWiki Deutsch History

An 18th century bronze token depicting the original Mamluk era dome, where the Green Dome stands today.

  • The mosque on the reverse side of a 1993 100-riyal paper bill. The Masjid an-Nabawi is used on the reverse of all 100-riyal notes in Saudi Arabia, with the Green Dome on the obverse side.

  • The Green Dome over Muhammad's tomb, and the smaller silver dome next to it.

  • Interior of the new section

  • Inner courtyard

  • Courtyard

  • The umbrellas protect pilgrims from the harsh summer temperatures of Medina. Fans spraying water are also attached to each umbrella pillar, to keep the square and pilgrims alike cool.

  • "Muhammad the Messenger of God" inscribed on the gates of the mosque.

  • The library at the mosque houses several old manuscripts, books and specializes in the preservation of Islamic history.

    • Wiki EnglishWiki JapaneseWiki Deutsch See also
  • Saudi Arabia portal
  • Architecture portal

    • Wiki EnglishWiki JapaneseWiki Deutsch References Ariffin 2005, pp. 88–89, 109
  • ^ Petersen, Andrew (11 March 2002). Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-203-20387-3.
  • ^ "The History of Electrical lights in the Arabian Peninsula". Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  • ^ "Portrait of Saeed Adam Omar". The British Museum. 2014. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  • ^ "'The Guardians' at Leighton House Museum". The Park Gallery. 2015-10-12. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  • ^ Farrell, Marwa Rashad, Stephen (24 April 2020). "Islam's holiest sites emptied by coronavirus crisis as Ramadan begins". Reuters. Retrieved 12 September 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • ^ "The Prophet's Mosque [Al-Masjid An-Nabawi]". Islam Web. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  • ^ a b c Ariffin 2005, p. 49.
  • ^ Ariffin 2005, p. 50.
  • ^ a b Ariffin 2005, p. 51.
  • ^ Atiqur Rahman (2003). Umar Bin Khattab: The Man of Distinction. Adam Publishers. p. 53. ISBN 978-81-7435-329-0.
  • ^ Ariffin 2005, p. 54.
  • ^ Ariffin 2005, p. 55.
  • ^ Ariffin 2005, p. 56.
  • ^ a b c Hillenbrand 1994, p. 73.
  • ^ Munt 2014, p. 106.
  • ^ NE McMillan (18 June 2013). Fathers and Sons: The Rise and Fall of Political Dynasty in the Middle East. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-137-29789-1.
  • ^ a b Bacharach 1996, p. 35.
  • ^ a b Ariffin 2005, p. 62.
  • ^ Kennedy 2002, p. 127.
  • ^ Munt 2014, pp. 106–108.
  • ^ Munt 2014, p. 116.
  • ^ Munt 2014, p. 118.
  • ^ Marmon, Shaun Elizabeth (1995). "Madina: Sultan and Prophet". Eunuchs and Sacred Boundaries in Islamic Society. Oxford University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-19-507101-6.
  • ^ Wahbi Hariri-Rifai, Mokhless Hariri-Rifai (1990). The Heritage of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. GDG Exhibits Trust. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-9624483-0-0.
  • ^ Ariffin 2005, p. 64.
  • ^ a b Ariffin 2005, p. 65.
  • ^ a b Mark Weston (2008). Prophets and princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the present. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-18257-4.
  • ^ Doris Behrens-Abouseif; Stephen Vernoit (2006). Islamic art in the 19th century: tradition, innovation, and eclecticism. BRILL. p. 22. ISBN 978-90-04-14442-2.
  • ^ Peskes, Esther (2000). "Wahhābiyya". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 11 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 40, 42. ISBN 90-04-12756-9.
  • ^ "History of the Cemetery Of Jannat Al-Baqi". Al-Islam.org. 23 December 2013.
  • ^ Mark Weston (2008). Prophets and princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the present. John Wiley and Sons. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-470-18257-4.
  • ^ Vincent J. Cornell (2007). Voices of Islam: Voices of the spirit. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-275-98734-3.
  • ^ Carl W. Ernst (2004). Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 173–174. ISBN 978-0-8078-5577-5.
  • ^ "New expansion of Prophet's Mosque ordered by king". Arab News. 30 June 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  • ^ a b "Prophet's Mosque to accommodate two million worshippers after expansion". Arab News. 26 September 2012. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  • ^ "Expansion of the Prophet's Mosque in Madinah (3 of 8)". King Fahd Abdulaziz. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  • ^ "Expansion of the two Holy Mosques". Saudi Embassy. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  • ^ "Prophet's Mosque to house 1.6m after expansion". Saudi Gazette. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  • ^ Otto, Frei (1996), Finding Form: Towards an Architecture of the Minimal, Bodo Rasch, ISBN 3-930698-66-8
  • ^ "Archnet". archnet.org.
  • ^ MakMax (Taiyo Kogyo Group). "Large scale umbrellas (250 units) completed, covering the pilgrims worldwide with membrane architecture : MakMax". makmax.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  • ^ Walker, Derek (1998). The Confidence to Build. p 69: Taylor & Francis. p. 176. ISBN 0-419-24060-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  • ^ Malik ibn Anas. "14.5.11". Muwatta Imam Malik.
  • ^ Al-Tabarani, Abu Al-Qasim Sulayman Ibn Ahmad Ibn A. (2013). Al-mu'jam al-awsat. [Place of publication not identified]: Turath For Solutions. ISBN 978-9957-65-703-1. OCLC 927110104.
  • ^ Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr Ahmad Ibn Al-Husayn Ibn 'Ali Al- (2013). Sunan al-bayhaqi al-kubra. [Place of publication not identified]: Turath For Solutions. ISBN 978-9957-647-98-8. OCLC 927108750.
  • ^ Ariffin 2005, p. 57.
  • ^ a b c "The Prophet's Mosque". Last Prophet. Retrieved 19 June 2015.

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    Prophet's Mosque

    The Prophet\'s Mosque or Mosque of the Prophet (Arabic: .mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:SF Arabic,Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,Scheherazade New,Amiri,Noto Naskh Arabic,Droid Arabic Naskh,Microsoft Uighur,Sakkal Majalla,Harmattan,Arabic Typesetting,Arabic Transparent,Times New Roman,Arial,Calibri,Microsoft Sans Serif,Segoe UI,serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلنَّبَوِي‎, romanized: al-Masjid an-Nabawī, lit. \'Mosque of the Prophet\'), is the second mosque built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina, after that of Quba, as well as the second largest mosque and holiest site in Islam, after the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, in the Saudi region of the Hejaz. The mosque is located at the heart of Medina, and is a major site of pilgrimage that falls under the purview of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.