魟科

魟科; 化石时期：豪特里維期 - 現今 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	藍斑條尾魟（Taeniura lymma）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目：	鲼目 Myliobatiformes
亚目：	鱝亞目 Myliobatoidei
科：	魟科 Dasyatidae; Jordan, 1888
属
	見內文
異名
	Trygonidae

魟科（學名：Dasyatidae、英語：Stingrays），又名土魟科，是軟骨魚綱燕魟目的一科。身長範圍大約在 0.18至2.6米（0.59至8.53英尺）之間。

分布编辑

本科魚類廣泛分布於全球各大洋熱帶至溫帶海域，并能进入非洲、亞洲、美洲與澳洲的某些河口及淡水流域。^[2]^[3]

深度编辑

水深3至200公尺以上。

分類编辑

魟科下分12個屬，如下：

雙褶魟屬（Amphotistius）编辑

覆瓦雙褶魟 Amphotistius imbricatus
老撾雙褶魟 Amphotistius laosensis
大西洋雙褶魟 Amphotistius sabina

Brevitrygon 屬编辑

Brevitrygon heterura (Bleeker, 1852)
Brevitrygon imbricata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Brevitrygon javaensis (Last & White, 2013)
Brevitrygon manjajiae Last, Weigmann & Naylor, 2024^[4]
Brevitrygon walga (Müller & Henle, 1841)

魟屬（Dasyatis）编辑

河盤魟屬（Disceus）编辑

蘋果魟 Disceus aiereba

半魟屬（Hemitrygon）编辑

窄尾魟屬（Himantura）编辑

新魟屬（Neotrygon）编辑

Neotrygon bobwardi Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017^[5]
Neotrygon caeruleopunctata Last, White & Serét, 2016^[6]
Neotrygon indica Pavan-Kumar, Kumar & Borsa, 2017^[7]
古氏土魟 Neotrygon kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841)：又稱古氏魟。^[6]
Neotrygon malaccensis Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017^[5]
Neotrygon moluccensis Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017^[5]
Neotrygon ningalooensis Last, White & Puckridge, 2010^[8]
Neotrygon orientale Last, White & Serét, 2016^[6]
似新魟 Neotrygon trigonoidae
Neotrygon vali Borsa, 2017^[9]
Neotrygon westpapuensis Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017^[5]

副江魟屬（Paratrygon）编辑

巴西副江魟 Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841)
Paratrygon orinocensis Loboda, Lasso, Rosa & Carvalho, 2021
Paratrygon parvaspina Loboda, Lasso, Rosa & Carvalho, 2021

蘿蔔魟屬（Pastinachus）编辑

褶尾蘿蔔魟 Pastinachus sephen (Forsskål, 1775)

近江魟屬（Plesiotrygon）编辑

近江魟 Plesiotrygon iwamae Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987
矮身近江魟 Plesiotrygon nana Carvalho & Ragno, 2011^[10]

翼魟屬（Pteroplatytrygon）编辑

紫魟 Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832)

河魟屬（Potamotrygon）编辑

綠豆魟 Potamotrygon castex
- 泰魯魟 Potamotrygon castexi var
卡氏江魟 Potamotrygon falkneri
金點魟 Potamotrygon henlei
龜甲魟 potamotrygon humerosa
黑白魟 Potamotrygon leopoldi
帝王魟 Potamotrygon menchacai
珍珠魟 Potamotrygon motoro
迷你魟 Potamotrygon reticulata

條尾魟屬（Taeniura）编辑

沙粒魟屬（Urogymnus）编辑

Urogymnus acanthobothrium Last, White, Kyne, 2016^[11]
糙沙粒魟 Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
德利窄尾魟 Urogymnus dalyensis (Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2008)
Urogymnus granulatus (Macleay, 1883)
Urogymnus lobistoma (Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2006)
南非沙粒魟 Urogymnus natalensis
多鱗沙粒魟 Urogymnus polylepis (Bleeker, 1852)：又稱黃貂魚、查菲窄尾魟。

特徵编辑

魟科鱼和鳐科鱼不同的地方是腰带中轴软骨是弯的，因此体盘中间圆滑的鼓起，不像鳐科鱼中间有一明显的鼓棱。魟科鱼体盘宽小于体盘的长，尾细长，較體常之左右徑為長。尾部上方具有毒強棘1枚，平扁，有向下之鋸齒。口底乳突長短不一。魟魚尾部的刺有劇毒，一旦被刺傷會有強烈的疼痛，如果患者拖太久沒送醫急救可能會危及生命，在海邊逗魟魚玩不慎被刺傷的話要馬上泡熱水防止毒性導致心臟衰竭，並且趕緊就醫觀察6小時。^{[來源請求]}

生態编辑

本科魚類廣泛分布於全球各大洋,河流。有些具有地域性，大部分為海水魚，有時見於河口，一部分則生活於南美洲、非洲及東南亞淡水水域。活動力差，通常將身體埋於沙泥中，僅露出雙眼和呼吸孔，或利用胸鰭做波浪狀的運動而貼游於底層水域。屬肉食性，以小魚、甲殼類及軟體動物為食。卵胎生。

經濟利用编辑

食用魚，但味道較腥，以紅燒為宜，或當作下雜魚處理。鱼皮可制成各种皮带，皮包等用品。

参考文献编辑

FishBase
台灣魚類資料庫（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

^ M Puckridge, PR Last, WT White and N Andreakis (2012) Phylogeography of the Indo-West Pacific maskrays (Dasyatidae, Neotrygon): a complex example of chondrichthyan radiation in the Cenozoic. Ecology and Evolution. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.448.
^ 李思忠，《黄河鱼类志：黄河鱼类专著及鱼类学文选》（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），水产出版社，2015年，ISBN 9789578596771；中国海洋大学出版社，2017年，ISBN 9787567015371。
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2006). Urogymnus dalyensis. FishBase. Version 2006-04.
^ Peter R. Last, Simon Weigmann and Gavin J. P. Naylor. 2024. The Indo-Pacific Stingray Genus Brevitrygon (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae): Clarification of Historical Names and Description of a New Species, B. manjajiae sp. nov., from the Western Indian Ocean. Diversity. 15(12), 1213. DOI: 10.3390/d15121213
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Philippe Borsa, Irma S. Arlyza, Thierry B. Hoareau and Kang-Ning Shen. 2017. Diagnostic Description and Geographic Distribution of Four New Cryptic Species of the Blue-spotted Maskray Species Complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae; Neotrygon spp.) based on DNA Sequences. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. DOI: 10.1007/s00343-018-7056-2
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Peter R. Last, William T. White and Bernard Séret. 2016. Taxonomic Status of Maskrays of the Neotrygon kuhlii species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the Description of Three New species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa. 4083(4); 533-561. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.5
^ Annam Pavan-Kumar, Rajan Kumar and Philippe Borsa. 2017. Neotrygon indica sp. nov., the Indian-Ocean Blue-spotted Maskray (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae). bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/179911
^ Peter R. Last, William T. White and Melody Puckridge. 2010. Neotrygon ningalooensis n. sp. (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae), A New Maskray from Australia. aqua: International Journal of Ichthyology. 16(2): 37–50.
^ Philippe Borsa. 2017. Neotrygon vali (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae), A New Blue-spotted Maskray from the Solomon Archipelago Described from Its DNA Barcode. bioRxiv preprint. DOI: 10.1101/106682
^ Marcelo R. de Carvalho and Maíra Ragno. 2010. An Unusual, Dwarf New Species of Neotropical Freshwater Stingray, Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., from the Upper and Mid Amazon Basin: The Second Species of Plesiotrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 51(7):101-138. DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492011000700001
^ Peter R Last, William T White, Peter M Kyne. 2016. Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., A New Euryhaline Whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa. 4147(2); DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.2.4

參照编辑

鲼科

外部連線编辑

[FB-1] M Puckridge, PR Last, WT White and N Andreakis (2012) Phylogeography of the Indo-West Pacific maskrays (Dasyatidae, Neotrygon): a complex example of chondrichthyan radiation in the Cenozoic. Ecology and Evolution. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.448.

[Fishes_YR-2] 李思忠，《黄河鱼类志：黄河鱼类专著及鱼类学文选》（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），水产出版社，2015年，ISBN 9789578596771；中国海洋大学出版社，2017年，ISBN 9787567015371。

[3] Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2006). Urogymnus dalyensis. FishBase. Version 2006-04.

[4] Peter R. Last, Simon Weigmann and Gavin J. P. Naylor. 2024. The Indo-Pacific Stingray Genus Brevitrygon (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae): Clarification of Historical Names and Description of a New Species, B. manjajiae sp. nov., from the Western Indian Ocean. Diversity. 15(12), 1213. DOI: 10.3390/d15121213

[Borsa-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Philippe Borsa, Irma S. Arlyza, Thierry B. Hoareau and Kang-Ning Shen. 2017. Diagnostic Description and Geographic Distribution of Four New Cryptic Species of the Blue-spotted Maskray Species Complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae; Neotrygon spp.) based on DNA Sequences. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. DOI: 10.1007/s00343-018-7056-2

[Last-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Peter R. Last, William T. White and Bernard Séret. 2016. Taxonomic Status of Maskrays of the Neotrygon kuhlii species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the Description of Three New species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa. 4083(4); 533-561. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.5

[7] Annam Pavan-Kumar, Rajan Kumar and Philippe Borsa. 2017. Neotrygon indica sp. nov., the Indian-Ocean Blue-spotted Maskray (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae). bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/179911

[8] Peter R. Last, William T. White and Melody Puckridge. 2010. Neotrygon ningalooensis n. sp. (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae), A New Maskray from Australia. aqua: International Journal of Ichthyology. 16(2): 37–50.

[9] Philippe Borsa. 2017. Neotrygon vali (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae), A New Blue-spotted Maskray from the Solomon Archipelago Described from Its DNA Barcode. bioRxiv preprint. DOI: 10.1101/106682

[10] Marcelo R. de Carvalho and Maíra Ragno. 2010. An Unusual, Dwarf New Species of Neotropical Freshwater Stingray, Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., from the Upper and Mid Amazon Basin: The Second Species of Plesiotrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 51(7):101-138. DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492011000700001

[11] Peter R Last, William T White, Peter M Kyne. 2016. Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., A New Euryhaline Whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa. 4147(2); DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.2.4

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Baike

魟科

軟骨魚的一科

目录