鉀的同位素

**主要的鉀同位素**
標準原子質量（英语：Standard atomic weight） (Ar, 標準)	39.0983(1);
←Ar（18）	Ca（20）→
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鉀（原子質量單位：39.0983(1)）共有28個同位素，其中有2個是穩定的。

圖表编辑

符號	Z（ p ）	N（ n ）	同位素質量（u）	半衰期	衰變方式^[2]	衰變產物^{[n 1]}	原子核自旋	相對豐度（莫耳分率）
符號	激發能量			半衰期	衰變方式^[2]	衰變產物^{[n 1]}	原子核自旋	相對豐度（莫耳分率）
31 K^[3]^[4]	19	12		<10 ps	3p	²⁸S
³³K	19	14	33.00726(21)#	<25 ns	p	³²Ar	(3/2+)#
³⁴K	19	15	33.99841(32)#	<25 ns	p	³³Ar	1+#
³⁵K	19	16	34.988010(21)	178(8) ms	β⁺ (99.63%)	³⁵Ar	3/2+
³⁵K	19	16	34.988010(21)	178(8) ms	β⁺, p (.37%)	³⁴Cl	3/2+
³⁶K	19	17	35.981292(8)	342(2) ms	β⁺ (99.94%)	³⁶Ar	2+
					β⁺, p (.048%)	³⁵Cl
					β⁺, α (.012%)	³²S
³⁷K	19	18	36.97337589(10)	1.226(7) s	β⁺	³⁷Ar	3/2+
³⁸K	19	19	37.9690812(5)	7.636(18) min	β⁺	³⁸Ar	3+
^38m1K	130.50(28) keV			924.2(3) ms			0+
^38m2K	3458.0(2) keV			21.98(11) µs			(7+),(5+)
39 K	19	20	38.96370668(20)	稳定			3/2+	0.932581(44)
40 K ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	19	21	39.96399848(21)	1.248(3)×10⁹ y	β⁻ (89.28%)	⁴⁰Ca	4	1.17(1)×10⁻⁴
					EC (10.72%)	⁴⁰Ar
					β⁺ (0.001%)^[5]	⁴⁰Ar
^40mK	1643.639(11) keV			336(12) ns			0+
⁴¹K	19	22	40.96182576(21)	穩定			3/2+	0.067302(44)
⁴²K	19	23	41.96240281(24)	12.360(12) h	β⁻	⁴²Ca	2
⁴³K	19	24	42.960716(10)	22.3(1) h	β⁻	⁴³Ca	3/2+
⁴⁴K	19	25	43.96156(4)	22.13(19) min	β⁻	⁴⁴Ca	2−
⁴⁵K	19	26	44.960699(11)	17.3(6) min	β⁻	⁴⁵Ca	3/2+
⁴⁶K	19	27	45.961977(17)	105(10) s	β⁻	⁴⁶Ca	2(−)
⁴⁷K	19	28	46.961678(9)	17.50(24) s	β⁻	⁴⁷Ca	1/2+
⁴⁸K	19	29	47.965514(26)	6.8(2) s	β⁻ (98.86%)	⁴⁸Ca	(2−)
⁴⁸K	19	29	47.965514(26)	6.8(2) s	β⁻, n (1.14%)	⁴⁷Ca	(2−)
⁴⁹K	19	30	48.96745(8)	1.26(5) s	β⁻, n (86%)	⁴⁸Ca	(3/2+)
⁴⁹K	19	30	48.96745(8)	1.26(5) s	β⁻ (14%)	⁴⁹Ca	(3/2+)
⁵⁰K	19	31	49.97278(30)	472(4) ms	β⁻ (71%)	⁵⁰Ca	(0−,1,2−)
⁵⁰K	19	31	49.97278(30)	472(4) ms	β⁻, n (29%)	⁴⁹Ca	(0−,1,2−)
⁵¹K	19	32	50.97638(54)#	365(5) ms	β⁻ (53%)	⁵¹Ca	3/2+#
⁵¹K	19	32	50.97638(54)#	365(5) ms	β⁻, n (47%)	⁵⁰Ca	3/2+#
⁵²K	19	33	51.98261(75)#	105(5) ms	β⁻, n (64%)	⁵¹Ca	(2−)#
					β⁻, 2n (21%)	⁵⁰Ca
					β⁻ (15%)	⁵²Ca
⁵³K	19	34	52.98712(75)#	30(5) ms	β⁻, n (67%)	⁵²Ca	(3/2+)#
					β⁻, 2n (17%)	⁵¹Ca
					β⁻ (16%)	⁵³Ca
⁵⁴K	19	35	53.99420(97)#	10(5) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁴Ca	2−#
⁵⁴K	19	35	53.99420(97)#	10(5) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵³Ca	2−#
⁵⁵K	19	36	54.99971(107)#	3# ms	β⁻	⁵⁵Ca	3/2+#
⁵⁵K	19	36	54.99971(107)#	3# ms	β⁻, n	⁵⁴Ca	3/2+#
⁵⁶K	19	37	56.00851(86)#	1# ms	β⁻	⁵⁶Ca	2−#
⁵⁶K	19	37	56.00851(86)#	1# ms	β⁻, n	⁵⁵Ca	2−#
⁵⁷K^[6]^[7]	19	38			β⁻	⁵⁷Ca
⁵⁹K^[7]^{[n 4]}	19	40			β⁻	⁵⁹Ca

備註：畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，只是理論推測而已，而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。

←	同位素列表	→
氬的同位素	鉀的同位素	鈣的同位素

註釋编辑

^ 稳定同位素以粗体显示
^ 用于鉀－氬年代測定法
^ 原始（英语：Primordial nuclide）放射性核素
^ 未确认的同位素

参考文獻编辑

^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
^ Universal Nuclide Chart . Nucleonica. [2012-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
^ A peculiar atom shakes up assumptions of nuclear structure. Nature. 6 September 2019, 573 (7773): 167. Bibcode:2019Natur.573T.167.. PMID 31506620. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02655-9  .
^ Kostyleva, D.; et al. Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope ³¹K by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 123 (9): 092502. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123i2502K. PMID 31524489. S2CID 159041565. arXiv:1905.08154  . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.092502.
^ Engelkemeir, D. W.; Flynn, K. F.; Glendenin, L. E. Positron Emission in the Decay of K40. Physical Review. 1962, 126 (5): 1818 [2015-09-11]. Bibcode:1962PhRv..126.1818E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818. （原始内容存档于2019-07-01）.
^ Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122f2502N. PMID 30822058. S2CID 73508148. arXiv:1901.07632  . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Tarasov, O.B. Production of very neutron rich isotopes: What should we know?. 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-02）.

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

[3] 稳定同位素以粗体显示

[6] 用于鉀－氬年代測定法

[7] 原始（英语：Primordial nuclide）放射性核素

[11] 未确认的同位素

[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[2] Universal Nuclide Chart . Nucleonica. [2012-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.

[31K-1-4] A peculiar atom shakes up assumptions of nuclear structure. Nature. 6 September 2019, 573 (7773): 167. Bibcode:2019Natur.573T.167.. PMID 31506620. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02655-9  .

[31K-2-5] Kostyleva, D.; et al. Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope ³¹K by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 123 (9): 092502. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123i2502K. PMID 31524489. S2CID 159041565. arXiv:1905.08154  . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.092502.

[8] Engelkemeir, D. W.; Flynn, K. F.; Glendenin, L. E. Positron Emission in the Decay of K40. Physical Review. 1962, 126 (5): 1818 [2015-09-11]. Bibcode:1962PhRv..126.1818E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818. （原始内容存档于2019-07-01）.

[Neufcourt(K)-9] Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122f2502N. PMID 30822058. S2CID 73508148. arXiv:1901.07632  . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502.

[Tarasov(K)-10] 7.0 ^7.1 Tarasov, O.B. Production of very neutron rich isotopes: What should we know?. 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-02）.

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Baike

鉀的同位素

维基媒体列表条目

圖表编辑

註釋编辑

参考文獻编辑