蠕形蟎屬

蠕形蟎屬
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
演化支：	硬器類 Sclerophorata
纲：	蛛形纲 Arachnida
亚纲：	蜱蟎亞綱 Acari
总目：	蟎形總目 Acariformes
目：	絨蟎目 Trombidiformes
亚目：	前氣門亞目 Prostigmata
下目：	異氣門下目 Eleutherengonides
（未分级）：	缝颚螨股 Raphignathina
总科：	肉食蟎總科 Cheyletoidea
科：	蠕形蟎科 Demodicidae
属：	蠕形蟎屬 Demodex; Owen, 1843
模式種
	毛囊蠕形蟎; Simon, 1842
种
	見內文

蠕形螨属（學名：Demodex），又称毛囊螨或毛囊虫，是蠕形螨科小型寄生螨虫的一個属。常寄生于哺乳动物的毛囊内。目前已知蠕形螨有約65個種^[2]，140多个亚种；它们都是最小的节肢动物。目前已知有两种寄生于人类：毛囊蠕形螨与皮脂腺蠕形螨，常被称作“睫毛螨”（eyelash mites）。蠕形螨的感染非常常见，几乎所有人类都有，患者一般也不会出现任何症状；蠕形螨偶尔会引发某些皮肤疾病。狗隻身上也有蟎蟲寄生。

語源编辑

蠕形蟎屬的學名Demodex源自希臘語的：dēmos（脂肪）＋dēx（木蟲）^[3]。

物種编辑

蠕形蟎屬是前氣門亞目Eleutherengona下目Raphignathina小目肉食蟎總科蠕形螨科之下七個屬之一^[4]，包括下列各個物種：

大熊猫蠕形螨 Demodex ailuropodae ^[5]
Demodex aries Desch, 1986^[6]
Demodex aurati Nutting, 1961
Demodex auricularis ^[7]
皮脂腺蠕形螨 Demodex brevis
牛蠕形螨 Demodex bovis
Demodex caballi
犬蠕形螨 Demodex canis Leydig, 1859
山羊蠕形螨 Demodex caprae
猫蠕形螨 Demodex cati
Demodex cornei
Demodex criceti
马蠕形螨 Demodex equi
毛囊蠕形蟎 Demodex folliculorum
Demodex gapperi Nutting, Emejuaiwe & Tisdel, 1971
Demodex gatoi Desch & Stewart, 1999
Demodex injai Desch & Hillier, 2003
绵羊蠕形螨 Demodex ovis Railliet, 1895^[6]
猪蠕形螨 Demodex phylloides Csokor, 1879
Demodex zalophi Dailey & Nutting, 1980

毛囊蠕形螨与皮脂腺蠕形螨编辑

毛囊蠕形蟎与皮脂腺蠕形螨是目前在人体上发现的唯一两种蠕形螨。毛囊蠕形螨在1842年由西蒙（Simon）率先详细描述；皮脂腺蠕形螨被Akbulatova分离出并加以识别。毛囊蠕形螨在毛囊内被发现，皮脂腺蠕形螨则寄生于连接毛囊的皮脂腺内。两种蠕形螨都在人脸上被发现——鼻部附近、睫毛与眉毛附近，他们也寄生在身体的其他部位上。

成年螨类大约只有0.3毫米到0.4毫米长，皮脂腺蠕形螨略微短于毛囊蠕形螨。^[8]他们有着一个半透明伸长的身体。

参考文獻编辑

^ Owen, [Richard]. Lecture XIX. Arachnida. Lectures on Comparative Anatomy. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 1843: 252 [2018-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-27）.
^ Yong, Ed. Everything you never wanted to know about the mites that eat, crawl, and have sex on your face. Not Exactly Rocket Science. Discover. 2012-08-31 [2013-04-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-07）（英语）.
^ Demodex. Medical Dictionary (medicine.academic.ru). [2016-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-25）.
^ Zhang, Zhi-Qiang; Fan, Qing-Hai; Pesic, Vladimir; Smit, Harry; Bochkov, Andre V.; Khaustov, A. A.; Baker, Anne; Wohltmann, Andreas; Wen, Tinghuan; Amrine, James W.; Beron, P.; Lin, Jianzhen; Gabrys, Grzegorz; Husband, Robert. Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909 (PDF). Zhang, Z.-Q. (编). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Magnolia Press. 2011: 129–147 [2016-05-25]. ISBN 9781869778491. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）（英语）. |journal=被忽略 (帮助); |issue=被忽略 (帮助)
^ 徐业华, 谢禾秀, 刘素兰,等. 蠕形螨属一新种(真螨目:蠕形螨科)[J]. 动物学报, 1986(02):66-70.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Clifford E. Desch Jr. (1986) Demodex aries sp. nov., a sebaceous gland inhabitant of the sheep, Ovis aries, and a redescription of Demodex ovis Hirst, 1919, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 13:3, 367-375, DOI: 10.1080/03014223.1986.10422670
^ Joanna N. Izdebska, Leszek Rolbiecki & Sławomira Fryderyk (2014) Demodex auricularis sp. nov. (Acari: Demodecidae) from the ear canal of the European wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus (Rodentia: Muridae), International Journal of Acarology, 40:3, 214-219, DOI: 10.1080/01647954.2014.912677
^ Rufli T, Mumcuoglu Y. "The hair follicle mites Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis: biology and medical importance. A review." Dermatologica. 1981;162(1):1-11. PMID 6453029

參看编辑

[1] Owen, [Richard]. Lecture XIX. Arachnida. Lectures on Comparative Anatomy. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 1843: 252 [2018-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-27）.

[2] Yong, Ed. Everything you never wanted to know about the mites that eat, crawl, and have sex on your face. Not Exactly Rocket Science. Discover. 2012-08-31 [2013-04-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-07）（英语）.

[3] Demodex. Medical Dictionary (medicine.academic.ru). [2016-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-25）.

[Zootaxa-4] Zhang, Zhi-Qiang; Fan, Qing-Hai; Pesic, Vladimir; Smit, Harry; Bochkov, Andre V.; Khaustov, A. A.; Baker, Anne; Wohltmann, Andreas; Wen, Tinghuan; Amrine, James W.; Beron, P.; Lin, Jianzhen; Gabrys, Grzegorz; Husband, Robert. Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909 (PDF). Zhang, Z.-Q. (编). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Magnolia Press. 2011: 129–147 [2016-05-25]. ISBN 9781869778491. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）（英语）. |journal=被忽略 (帮助); |issue=被忽略 (帮助)

[5] 徐业华, 谢禾秀, 刘素兰,等. 蠕形螨属一新种(真螨目:蠕形螨科)[J]. 动物学报, 1986(02):66-70.

[Desch-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Clifford E. Desch Jr. (1986) Demodex aries sp. nov., a sebaceous gland inhabitant of the sheep, Ovis aries, and a redescription of Demodex ovis Hirst, 1919, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 13:3, 367-375, DOI: 10.1080/03014223.1986.10422670

[7] Joanna N. Izdebska, Leszek Rolbiecki & Sławomira Fryderyk (2014) Demodex auricularis sp. nov. (Acari: Demodecidae) from the ear canal of the European wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus (Rodentia: Muridae), International Journal of Acarology, 40:3, 214-219, DOI: 10.1080/01647954.2014.912677

[rufli-8] Rufli T, Mumcuoglu Y. "The hair follicle mites Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis: biology and medical importance. A review." Dermatologica. 1981;162(1):1-11. PMID 6453029

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