碲的同位素

**主要的碲同位素**
標準原子質量（英语：Standard atomic weight） (Ar, 標準)	127.60(3);
←Sb（51）	I（53）→
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碲（原子量：127.60(3)）有39种同位素与17种同核异构体，原子量介于104至142。其中，有八种同位素（¹²⁰Te、¹²²Te、¹²³Te、¹²⁴Te、¹²⁵Te、¹²⁶Te、¹²⁸Te、¹³⁰Te）存在于自然界。¹²⁸Te和¹³⁰Te有放射性，但半衰期都极长，分别为2.25×10²⁴年和7.91×10²⁰年。^[3]碲最长寿的人造同位素则是半衰期19.31天的¹²¹Te，但诸如^121mTe（半衰期164.7天）的同核异构体有更长的半衰期。

放射性同位素¹²⁸Te和¹³⁰Te是碲最常见的两种同位素。碲与铟、铼一样都是放射性同位素的丰度比稳定同位素的丰度大的例子。

有团队报告称已发现¹²³Te的电子捕获，但他们之后的测量结果否认了这点。^[4]¹²³Te的半衰期至少为9.2×10¹⁶年。^[4]

圖表编辑

符號	Z（ p ）	N（ n ）	同位素質量（u）	半衰期	衰變方式^[5]^{[n 1]}	衰變產物^{[n 2]}	原子核自旋	相對豐度（莫耳分率）	相對豐度的變化量（莫耳分率）
符號	激發能量			半衰期	衰變方式^[5]^{[n 1]}	衰變產物^{[n 2]}	原子核自旋	相對豐度（莫耳分率）	相對豐度的變化量（莫耳分率）
¹⁰⁴Te^[6]	52	52		<18 ns	α	¹⁰⁰Sn	0+
¹⁰⁵Te	52	53	104.94364(54)#	620(70) ns	α	¹⁰¹Sn	5/2+#
¹⁰⁶Te	52	54	105.93750(14)	70(20) µs [70(+20-10) µs]	α	¹⁰²Sn	0+
¹⁰⁷Te	52	55	106.93501(32)#	3.1(1) ms	α (70%)	¹⁰³Sn	5/2+#
¹⁰⁷Te	52	55	106.93501(32)#	3.1(1) ms	β⁺ (30%)	¹⁰⁷Sb	5/2+#
¹⁰⁸Te	52	56	107.92944(11)	2.1(1) s	β⁺ (51%)	¹⁰⁸Sb	0+
					α (49%)	¹⁰⁴Sn
					β⁺, p (2.4%)	¹⁰⁷Sn
					β⁺, α (.065%)	¹⁰⁴In
¹⁰⁹Te	52	57	108.92742(7)	4.6(3) s	β⁺ (86.99%)	¹⁰⁹Sb	(5/2+)
					β⁺, p (9.4%)	¹⁰⁸Sn
					α (7.9%)	¹⁰⁵Sn
					β⁺, α (.005%)	¹⁰⁵In
¹¹⁰Te	52	58	109.92241(6)	18.6(8) s	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹¹⁰Sb	0+
¹¹⁰Te	52	58	109.92241(6)	18.6(8) s	β⁺, p (.003%)	¹⁰⁹Sn	0+
¹¹¹Te	52	59	110.92111(8)	19.3(4) s	β⁺	¹¹¹Sb	(5/2)+#
¹¹¹Te	52	59	110.92111(8)	19.3(4) s	β⁺, p （不常見）	¹¹⁰Sn	(5/2)+#
¹¹²Te	52	60	111.91701(18)	2.0(2) min	β⁺	¹¹²Sb	0+
¹¹³Te	52	61	112.91589(3)	1.7(2) min	β⁺	¹¹³Sb	(7/2+)
¹¹⁴Te	52	62	113.91209(3)	15.2(7) min	β⁺	¹¹⁴Sb	0+
¹¹⁵Te	52	63	114.91190(3)	5.8(2) min	β⁺	¹¹⁵Sb	7/2+
^115m1Te	10(7) keV			6.7(4) min	β⁺	¹¹⁵Sb	(1/2)+
^115m1Te	10(7) keV			6.7(4) min	IT	¹¹⁵Te	(1/2)+
^115m2Te	280.05(20) keV			7.5(2) µs			11/2-
¹¹⁶Te	52	64	115.90846(3)	2.49(4) h	β⁺	¹¹⁶Sb	0+
¹¹⁷Te	52	65	116.908645(14)	62(2) min	β⁺	¹¹⁷Sb	1/2+
^117mTe	296.1(5) keV			103(3) ms	IT	¹¹⁷Te	(11/2-)
¹¹⁸Te	52	66	117.905828(16)	6.00(2) d	ε	¹¹⁸Sb	0+
¹¹⁹Te	52	67	118.906404(9)	16.05(5) h	β⁺	¹¹⁹Sb	1/2+
^119mTe	260.96(5) keV			4.70(4) d	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹¹⁹Sb	11/2-
^119mTe	260.96(5) keV			4.70(4) d	IT (.008%)	¹¹⁹Te	11/2-
¹²⁰Te	52	68	119.90402(1)	觀測上穩定^{[n 3]}			0+	9(1)×10⁻⁴
¹²¹Te	52	69	120.904936(28)	19.16(5) d	β⁺	¹²¹Sb	1/2+
^121mTe	293.991(22) keV			154(7) d	IT (88.6%)	¹²¹Te	11/2-
^121mTe	293.991(22) keV			154(7) d	β⁺ (11.4%)	¹²¹Sb	11/2-
¹²²Te	52	70	121.9030439(16)	稳定			0+	0.0255(12)
¹²³Te	52	71	122.9042700(16)	觀測上穩定^{[n 4]}			1/2+	0.0089(3)
^123mTe	247.47(4) keV			119.2(1) d	IT	¹²³Te	11/2-
¹²⁴Te	52	72	123.9028179(16)	稳定			0+	0.0474(14)
¹²⁵Te^{[n 5]}	52	73	124.9044307(16)	稳定			1/2+	0.0707(15)
^125mTe	144.772(9) keV			57.40(15) d	IT	¹²⁵Te	11/2-
¹²⁶Te	52	74	125.9033117(16)	稳定			0+	0.1884(25)
¹²⁷Te^{[n 5]}	52	75	126.9052263(16)	9.35(7) h	β⁻	¹²⁷I	3/2+
^127mTe	88.26(8) keV			109(2) d	IT (97.6%)	¹²⁷Te	11/2-
^127mTe	88.26(8) keV			109(2) d	β⁻ (2.4%)	¹²⁷I	11/2-
¹²⁸Te^{[n 5]}^{[n 6]}	52	76	127.9044631(19)	2.2(3)×10²⁴ a^{[n 7]}	β⁻β⁻	¹²⁸Xe	0+	0.3174(8)
^128mTe	2790.7(4) keV			370(30) ns			10+
¹²⁹Te^{[n 5]}	52	77	128.9065982(19)	69.6(3) min	β⁻	¹²⁹I	3/2+
^129mTe	105.50(5) keV			33.6(1) d			11/2-
¹³⁰Te^{[n 5]}^{[n 6]}	52	78	129.9062244(21)	790(100)×10¹⁸ a	β⁻β⁻	¹³⁰Xe	0+	0.3408(62)
^130m1Te	2146.41(4) keV			115(8) ns			(7)-
^130m2Te	2661(7) keV			1.90(8) µs			(10+)
^130m3Te	4375.4(18) keV			261(33) ns
¹³¹Te^{[n 5]}	52	79	130.9085239(21)	25.0(1) min	β⁻	¹³¹I	3/2+
^131mTe	182.250(20) keV			30(2) h	β⁻ (77.8%)	¹³¹I	11/2-
^131mTe	182.250(20) keV			30(2) h	IT (22.2%)	¹³¹Te	11/2-
¹³²Te^{[n 5]}	52	80	131.908553(7)	3.204(13) d	β⁻	¹³²I	0+
¹³³Te	52	81	132.910955(26)	12.5(3) min	β⁻	¹³³I	(3/2+)
^133mTe	334.26(4) keV			55.4(4) min	β⁻ (82.5%)	¹³³I	(11/2-)
^133mTe	334.26(4) keV			55.4(4) min	IT (17.5%)	¹³³Te	(11/2-)
¹³⁴Te	52	82	133.911369(11)	41.8(8) min	β⁻	¹³⁴I	0+
^134mTe	1691.34(16) keV			164.1(9) ns			6+
¹³⁵Te^{[n 8]}	52	83	134.91645(10)	19.0(2) s	β⁻	¹³⁵I	(7/2-)
^135mTe	1554.88(17) keV			510(20) ns			(19/2-)
¹³⁶Te	52	84	135.92010(5)	17.63(8) s	β⁻ (98.7%)	¹³⁶I	0+
¹³⁶Te	52	84	135.92010(5)	17.63(8) s	β⁻, n (1.3%)	¹³⁵I	0+
¹³⁷Te	52	85	136.92532(13)	2.49(5) s	β⁻ (97.01%)	¹³⁷I	3/2-#
¹³⁷Te	52	85	136.92532(13)	2.49(5) s	β⁻, n (2.99%)	¹³⁶I	3/2-#
¹³⁸Te	52	86	137.92922(22)#	1.4(4) s	β⁻ (93.7%)	¹³⁸I	0+
¹³⁸Te	52	86	137.92922(22)#	1.4(4) s	β⁻, n (6.3%)	¹³⁷I	0+
¹³⁹Te	52	87	138.93473(43)#	500 ms [>300 ns]#	β⁻	¹³⁹I	5/2-#
¹³⁹Te	52	87	138.93473(43)#	500 ms [>300 ns]#	β⁻, n	¹³⁸I	5/2-#
¹⁴⁰Te	52	88	139.93885(32)#	300 ms [>300 ns]#	β⁻	¹⁴⁰I	0+
¹⁴⁰Te	52	88	139.93885(32)#	300 ms [>300 ns]#	β⁻, n	¹³⁹I	0+
¹⁴¹Te	52	89	140.94465(43)#	100 ms [>300 ns]#	β⁻	¹⁴¹I	5/2-#
¹⁴¹Te	52	89	140.94465(43)#	100 ms [>300 ns]#	β⁻, n	¹⁴⁰I	5/2-#
¹⁴²Te	52	90	141.94908(64)#	50 ms [>300 ns]#	β⁻	¹⁴²I	0+

備註：畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，只是理論推測而已，而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。

←	同位素列表	→
銻的同位素	碲的同位素	碘的同位素

註釋编辑

^ 縮寫的涵義：
ε：电子俘获
 IT：核異構轉變
 β⁺：正电子发射
 β⁻：貝他衰變
^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
^ Believed to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹²⁰Sn with a half-life over 2.2×10¹⁶ years
^ Believed to undergo β⁺ decay to ¹²³Sb with a half-life over 9.2×10¹⁶ years
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 Fission product
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Primordial radionuclide
^ Longest measured half-life of any nuclide
^ Very short-lived fission product, responsible for the iodine pit as precursor of ¹³⁵Xe via ¹³⁵I

参考文獻编辑

^ Adams, D. Q.; et al. Measurement of the 2νββ Decay Half-Life of ¹³⁰Te with CUORE. Physical Review Letters. 2021-04-27, 126 (17). ISSN 0031-9007. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171801.
^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 A. Alessandrello; et al. New Limits on Naturally Occurring Electron Capture of ¹²³Te. Physical Review C. January 2003, 67 (1): 014323. Bibcode:2003PhRvC..67a4323A. S2CID 119523039. arXiv:hep-ex/0211015  . doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014323.
^ Universal Nuclide Chart . nucleonica. [2015-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
^ Auranen, K.; et al. Superallowed α decay to doubly magic ¹⁰⁰Sn (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2018, 121 (18): 182501 [2021-05-22]. Bibcode:2018PhRvL.121r2501A. PMID 30444390. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.182501  . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-03）.

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

[6] 縮寫的涵義：
ε：电子俘获
IT：核異構轉變
β⁺：正电子发射
β⁻：貝他衰變

[7] 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。

[9] Believed to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹²⁰Sn with a half-life over 2.2×10¹⁶ years

[10] Believed to undergo β⁺ decay to ¹²³Sb with a half-life over 9.2×10¹⁶ years

[FP-11] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 Fission product

[PN-12] 6.0 ^6.1 Primordial radionuclide

[13] Longest measured half-life of any nuclide

[14] Very short-lived fission product, responsible for the iodine pit as precursor of ¹³⁵Xe via ¹³⁵I

[1] Adams, D. Q.; et al. Measurement of the 2νββ Decay Half-Life of ¹³⁰Te with CUORE. Physical Review Letters. 2021-04-27, 126 (17). ISSN 0031-9007. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171801.

[CIAAW2013-2] Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[NUBASE2020-3] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[new_limits-4] 4.0 ^4.1 A. Alessandrello; et al. New Limits on Naturally Occurring Electron Capture of ¹²³Te. Physical Review C. January 2003, 67 (1): 014323. Bibcode:2003PhRvC..67a4323A. S2CID 119523039. arXiv:hep-ex/0211015  . doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014323.

[iso_data-5] Universal Nuclide Chart . nucleonica. [2015-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.

[100sn-8] Auranen, K.; et al. Superallowed α decay to doubly magic ¹⁰⁰Sn (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2018, 121 (18): 182501 [2021-05-22]. Bibcode:2018PhRvL.121r2501A. PMID 30444390. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.182501  . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-03）.

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