紐西蘭人口

(重定向自新西蘭人口

紐西蘭人口涵蓋了紐西蘭500萬居民的性別、種族、宗教、地理和經濟背景。紐西蘭人自昵稱「Kiwi」(源自奇異鳥),主要居住於北島的都會區。前五大城市依序為奧克蘭(擁有紐西蘭三分之一的人口)、基督城威靈頓漢密頓陶朗加。少數紐西蘭人則居住在北島和南島兩大主島以外的島嶼:懷希基島位近奧克蘭,擁有7689位居民,是人口最多的小島;而大巴里爾島查塔姆群島斯圖爾特島各有低於1000人的少量人口。紐西蘭是紐西蘭王國的一部分;王國的國土另包括托克勞羅斯屬地庫克群島紐埃,而在上述地區出生者也被認定為廣義的紐西蘭人。2006年,上述地區的居民已普遍認同自己是紐西蘭人,而非僅是特定地區的居民。

紐西蘭人口密度圖(2006年)
  少於1人/平方公里
  1人/平方公里以上
  10人/平方公里以上
  250人/平方公里以上
  1000人/平方公里以上
  4000人/平方公里以上

紐西蘭人编辑

紐西蘭人昵稱「Kiwi」,源自於紐西蘭的國鳥國家象徵、一種不會飛的鳥——奇異鳥[1][2]。毛利外來語「Pākehā」(紐西蘭白人)是指歐洲裔的紐西蘭人(但有些紐西蘭人並不喜歡這個稱謂)[3][4],部分毛利人則用指非玻里尼西亞裔的紐西蘭人[5]。2006年以前出生於紐西蘭或紐西蘭王國其他地區(托克勞羅斯屬地庫克群島紐埃)者為紐西蘭公民;此後出生者則適用較嚴格的條件限制[6][註 1]

人口编辑

紐西蘭歷年人口變化(黑線)及預期發展變化(紅線)
歷次紐西蘭人口普查
年份人口±%
1926 1,408,139—    
1936 1,573,812+11.8%
1945 1,702,298+8.2%
1951 1,939,472+13.9%
1961 2,414,984+24.5%
1971 2,862,631+18.5%
1981 3,175,737+10.9%
1991 3,434,949+8.2%
2001 3,820,749+11.2%
2013 4,353,198+13.9%
来源:紐西蘭統計局

由2006年人口調查的4,027,947人推算,2011年紐西蘭估計人口數已經到達約440萬人[7][8]。2010年統計資料顯示,婦女生育年齡的中位數為30歲,而生育率為平均每名婦女養育2.1個孩童;而毛利人口的年齡中位數為26歲,生育率為2.8[9]。2010年年齡標準化死亡率為3.8‰(較2000年的4.8‰降低),總人口的嬰兒死亡率為5.1‰[9]。此外,2008年出生的紐西蘭兒童的預期壽命,男女分別為78.4歲和82.4歲[10]。專家預測2050年紐西蘭人的平均壽命將到達80歲至85歲,同時嬰兒死亡率將持續下降[11]。2050年預計紐西蘭人口將到達530萬人,年齡中位數將從36歲提升至43歲,而60歲以上的老年人口比例將從18%提升至29%[11]

重要人口数据(自1921年)[12]
人口总数出生人数死亡人数自然增长数出生率(‰)死亡率(‰)自然增长率(‰)总和生育率(‰)
192129,62311,47418,1493.08
192230,44811,87418,5743.08
192329,14812,23916,9092.96
192429,26011,54017,7202.93
192529,86911,84418,0252.90
192629,90412,51717,3872.88
19271,429,70029,27812,60016,67820.38.811.62.79
19281,450,40028,93812,86016,07819.88.811.02.70
19291,467,40028,85913,22015,63919.59.010.62.64
19301,486,10028,82213,14515,67719.38.810.52.60
19311,506,80028,86713,06215,80519.18.610.42.56
19321,522,80027,53512,87514,66018.08.49.62.38
19331,534,70027,20412,86214,34217.78.39.32.31
19341,547,10027,22013,81013,41017.58.98.62.29
19351,558,40027,15013,66413,48617.48.78.62.25
19361,569,70028,39514,65813,73718.09.38.72.30
19371,584,60029,89615,21514,68118.89.69.22.39
19381,601,80030,84516,87413,97119.210.58.72.44
19391,618,30032,87215,93316,93920.29.810.42.56
19401,641,60036,94515,87521,07022.69.712.92.84
19411,633,60039,17017,04722,12324.010.413.62.93
19421,631,20037,81818,11719,70123.111.112.12.87
19431,636,40034,68417,12217,56221.210.410.72.61
19441,642,00038,03717,04920,98822.910.312.72.85
19451,676,30041,53417,68623,84824.410.414.03.10
19461,727,80047,52417,72029,80427.110.117.03.45
19471,781,20049,69817,44232,25627.69.717.93.63
19481,817,50049,06217,28531,77726.79.417.33.57
19491,853,90048,84117,57831,26326.19.416.73.53
19501,892,10049,33118,08431,24725.89.516.43.55
19511,927,70049,80618,83630,97025.69.715.93.60
19521,970,50051,84618,89632,95026.09.516.53.67
19532,024,60051,88818,35433,53425.39.016.43.65
19542,074,70054,05518,87635,17925.89.016.83.78
19552,118,40055,59619,22536,37126.09.017.03.88
19562,164,80056,53119,69636,83525.89.016.83.98
19572,209,20058,42520,86237,56326.19.316.84.03
19582,262,80060,55620,30140,25526.58.917.64.11
19592,316,00061,79821,12840,67026.49.017.44.18
19602,359,70062,77920,89241,88726.48.817.64.24
19612,403,60065,39021,78243,60826.99.017.94.31
19622,461,30065,01422,08142,93326.18.917.34.19
19632,515,80064,52722,41642,11125.48.816.64.05
19642,566,90062,30222,86139,44124.08.815.23.80
19652,617,00060,04722,97637,07122.78.714.03.54
19662,663,80060,00323,77836,22522.38.813.53.41
19672,711,30061,02223,00738,01522.48.413.93.35
19682,745,00062,11224,46437,64822.58.913.63.34
19692,773,00062,36024,16138,19922.48.713.73.28
19702,804,00062,05024,84037,21021.98.813.23.17
19712,852,10064,46024,30940,15122.48.514.03.18
19722,898,50063,21524,80138,41421.68.513.13.00
19732,959,70060,72725,31235,41520.38.511.82.76
19743,024,90059,33625,26134,07519.48.311.12.58
19753,091,90056,63925,11431,52518.28.110.12.37
19763,143,70055,10525,45729,64817.58.19.42.27
19773,163,40054,17925,96128,21817.18.28.92.21
19783,166,40051,02924,66926,36016.17.88.32.07
19793,165,20052,27925,34026,93916.58.08.52.12
19803,163,90050,54226,67623,86615.98.47.52.03
19813,176,40050,79425,15025,64415.97.98.12.01
19823,194,50049,93825,53224,40615.68.07.61.95
19833,226,80050,47425,99124,48315.68.07.51.92
19843,264,80051,63625,37826,25815.77.78.01.93
19853,293,00051,79827,48024,31815.78.37.41.93
19863,303,10052,82427,04525,77916.08.27.81.96
19873,313,50055,25427,41927,83516.68.28.42.03
19883,342,10057,54627,40830,13817.28.29.02.10
19893,345,20058,09127,04231,04917.38.19.22.12
19903,369,80060,15326,53133,62217.77.89.92.18
19913,410,40059,91126,38933,52217.37.69.72.09
19923,516,00059,16627,11532,05116.77.79.12.06
19933,552,20058,78227,10031,68216.47.68.92.04
19943,597,90057,32126,95330,36815.87.48.41.98
19953,648,20057,67127,81329,85815.77.68.11.98
19963,706,70057,28028,25529,02515.37.67.81.96
19973,762,30057,60427,47130,13315.27.38.01.96
19983,802,60055,34926,20629,14314.56.97.61.89
19993,829,20057,05328,12228,93114.97.37.51.97
20003,851,20056,60526,66029,94514.76.97.81.98
20013,886,70055,80027,82527,97214.367.167.201.97
20023,951,20054,02128,06525,95613.677.106.571.89
20034,027,70056,13628,01128,12513.946.956.991.93
20044,088,70058,07428,41929,65514.206.957.251.98
20054,136,00057,74427,03330,71113.966.547.421.97
20064,185,30059,19328,24530,94814.146.757.392.01
20074,226,20064,04428,52135,52015.156.758.402.18
20084,262,00064,34129,18735,15415.106.858.252.19
20094,304,90062,54128,96533,57914.536.737.802.13
20104,353,00063,89728,43735,45714.686.538.152.17
20114,386,30061,40430,08131,32014.006.867.142.09
20124,410,70061,17930,09931,08013.876.827.052.10
20134,446,70058,71929,56829,14813.206.656.552.01
20144,521,00057,24331,06226,18112.686.885.801.92
20154,614,00061,03831,60829,43013.276.876.401.99
20164,716,00059,43031,17928,25112.656.646.011.87
20174,814,00059,61033,33926,27112.436.955.481.81
20184,900,00058,02033,22224,79811.766.735.031.71
20194,991,00059,63734,26025,37712.136.975.161.75
20205,073,00057,57332,61324,96011.336.404.931.61
20215,117,00058,65934,93223,72711.56.84.6

地理位置编辑

宗教编辑

族群概況如英國移民在北島和南島北部、蘇格蘭在南島南部,反映了英國國教會和長老教會的地理分布。

基督教是紐西蘭最主要的宗教信仰;根據2006年紐西蘭人口普查,恰過半的人口為基督徒,但同時教會出席率約僅為15%[14][15]。在2006年普查中,55.6%的紐西蘭人自認是基督徒,34.7%表示自己沒有宗教信仰(較2001年的29.6%上升),而約4%屬於其他宗教[16]{{NoteTag另外6%紐西蘭人拒絕透露他們的信仰。紐西蘭統計局並未匯報「其他」宗教的總百分比例。依據自認信仰基督教和信仰其他宗教的人數,「其他」宗教的總百分比可落在3%至5%的範圍內。這些數據的調查對象為一般居民人口,不包括另外7%未提供可用資訊的受訪民眾。在非基督教信仰人口中,移民佔了八成[17],其餘為傳統的毛利信仰、猶太教(24%移民)和巴哈伊教(20%移民)[18]

註釋编辑

  1. ^ 詳參見:紐西蘭國籍法

參考文獻编辑

引用编辑

  1. ^ Simon Dalby. The ‘Kiwi disease’: geopolitical discourse in Aotearoa/New Zealand and the South Pacific. Political Geography: 437–456. [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1016/0962-6298(93)90012-v. (原始内容存档于2018-06-15). 
  2. ^ Callister, Paul. Seeking an Ethnic Identity: Is "New Zealander" a Valid Ethnic Category? (PDF). New Zealand Population Review. 2004, 30 (1&2): 5–22 [2012-08-27]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-05-15). 
  3. ^ Misa, Tapu. Ethnic Census status tells the whole truth. New Zealand Herald. 2006-03-08 [2012-08-27]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-12). 
  4. ^ Draft Report of a Review of the Official Ethnicity Statistical Standard: Proposals to Address the ‘New Zealander’ Response Issue. Statistics New Zealand. 2009-04 [2011-01-18]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-11-13). 
  5. ^ Ranford, Jodie. 'Pakeha', Its Origin and Meaning. Māori News. [2008-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-07). 
  6. ^ Am I a New Zealand Citizen?. New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs. [2011-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2014-08-05). 
  7. ^ Estimated resident population of New Zealand. Statistics New Zealand. [2011-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-03).  人口時鐘每10分鐘更新一次。
  8. ^ QuickStats About New Zealand's Population and Dwellings. Statistics New Zealand. [2011-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2011年5月10日). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Births and Deaths: Year ended December 2010. Statistics New Zealand. [2011-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-22). 
  10. ^ Commentary. Births and Deaths: December 2009 quarter. Statistics New Zealand. [2010-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2010-05-13). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population Prospects (PDF). 2008 revision. United Nations. 2009 [2009-08-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-10-24). 
  12. ^ Data from 1921 to 2000 were taken from: Developed Countries Demography. Institut national d'études démographiques. [5 August 2018]. (原始内容存档于19 July 2018). 
    Population data from 2001 onwards were taken from: Table: Estimated Resident Population (Mean Quarter Ended) by Sex (1991+) (Qrtly-Mar/Jun/Sep/Dec). Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa. 2018 [5 August 2018]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-20). 
    Other data from 2001 onwards were taken from: Births and deaths: Year ended December 2017. Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa. 18 February 2018 [5 August 2018]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-06). 
  13. ^ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 Subnational Population Estimates: At 30 June 2017 (provisional). Statistics New Zealand. 2017-10-24 [2017-10-24].  For urban areas, Subnational population estimates (UA, AU), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996, 2001, 2006-16 (2017 boundary). Statistics New Zealand. 2017-10-24 [2017-10-24]. 
  14. ^ Table 28, 2006 Census Data – QuickStats About Culture and Identity – Tables 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2011-07-24..
  15. ^ Opie, Stephen. Bible Engagement in New Zealand: Survey of Attitudes and Behaviour (PDF). Bible Society of New Zealand. 2008-06: 4 [2010-05-29]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-05-26). 
  16. ^ QuickStats About Culture and Identity: Religious affiliation. Statistics New Zealand. [2011-01-20]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-03). 
  17. ^ QuickStats About Culture and Identity. Statistics NZ Home > Census > 2006 Census Data > About a Subject. Statistics New Zealand (www.stats.govt.nz). [2010-05-29]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-03). 
  18. ^ Thomson, Barbara. Ethnic Diversity in New Zealand: a Statistical Profile (PDF). Ethnic Affairs Service Information Series (Research Unit, Department of Internal Affairs): 178, 183. [2009-09-19]. ISBN 0-478-09244-X. ISSN 1173-7166. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-10-14). 

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