世界城市地區人口排序列表

这是按人口排名的世界连续城市区域的列表。数据来自两个来源：Demographia的“World Urban Areas”研究^[1]，以及citypopulation.de，由应用摄影测量与地理信息学研究所（Institut für Angewandte Photogrammetrie und Geoinformatik）的Thomas Brinkhoff创建。^[2]

定义和问题编辑

Demographia将城市区域（集聚的城市化区域或市中心）定义为在同一劳动力市场（即大都会区）内连续的城市地块，而不考虑行政边界（即市政，城市或公社）。除澳大利亚外，当局使用的最低城市密度定义为每平方公里400人（或美国几乎相同的每平方英里1000人）。Demographia使用地图和卫星照片来估算持续的城市化。Demographia还使用小面积人口数据（如果有的话）将人口估计值与城市化土地面积相匹配。国家人口普查局的数据在澳大利亚、加拿大、法国、挪威、瑞典、英国和美国有提供。在某些情况下不使用印度的城市群的普查数据，因为其组成单位（市）的地理规模通常包括大面积的农村（非城市）地区。

人口估计和土地面积定义的来源分别按下表中的字母编码。

A：根据国家人口普查机构统计的数据（面积或人口）；

B：根据地图或卫星照片估计的面积数据；

C：根据下级行政辖区估计的人口数据，例如农村人口的减少；

D：根据联合国城市化估计的城市群人口数据；

E：根据国家权威统计的人口数据估计的城市群人口数据；

F：其他方法估计的人口数据，例如当地的非官方报告；

L：当地官方估计的人口数据；

N：使用人口普查权威数据合算的城区面积。

W：根据世界银行Urban Area 2015 estimate的人口估计值。

除非相邻国家之间可自由流动（包括劳动力），否则城市地区仅限于一个国家。目前，该条件仅在欧盟的一些大陆国家和瑞士之间得到满足（例如法国和比利时的里尔-科特赖克、德国和荷兰的亚琛-瓦爾斯、德国和法国的萨尔布吕肯-福尔巴克、瑞士和法国的日内瓦 -安纳马斯，以及瑞士、德国和法国的巴塞尔-罗拉赫-圣路易）。因此，美国和加拿大的底特律-温莎以及美国和墨西哥的圣迭戈-蒂华纳都不被视为单一的城市地区。此外，深圳和香港被视为独立的城市地区，主要是因为两者之间的劳工流动是受限的，前者是中华人民共和国的广东省内的一个城市，后者是中华人民共和国的特别行政区。

都會區人口前百大城市编辑

城市地区				人口統計^[1]				排名/備註^[2]
2017 排名	2013 排名^[3]	城市	国家/地区	人口	面积 (km²)^[1]	密度 (/km²)^[1]	人口 / 面积数据来源^[1]	排名	人口	備註
1	1	东京–横滨（首都圈）^[4]	日本	38,050,000	8,547	4,500	C / B	2	39,800,000	含千叶市、川崎市、前桥市、相模原市、埼玉市、宇都宫市、横滨市
2	2	雅加达^[5]	印度尼西亞	32,275,000	3,302	9,800	C / B	4	28,900,000	當地稱Jabodetabek（英语：Jabodetabek），含勿加泗、茂物、德波、丹格朗、南丹格朗
3	4	德里（國家首都轄區）^[6]	印度	27,280,000	2,202	12,400	A / B	5	27,200,000	含法里达巴德、加濟阿巴德、古尔冈、诺伊达
4	6	马尼拉（马尼拉大都会）^[7]	菲律賓	24,650,000	1,787	13,600	C / B	8	24,100,000	含加洛坎市、奎松市
5	3	首尔-仁川（首都圈）^[8]	韩国	24,210,000	2,745	8,800	C / B	7	24,800,000	含富川市、高阳市、仁川市、城南市、水原市
6	5	上海^[9]	中国大陆	24,115,000	4,015	6,000	L / B	3	31,100,000	含蘇州
7	13	孟买^[10]	印度	23,265,000	881	26,400	C / B	9	23,600,000	含孟买、新孟买、Bhiwandi-Nizampur Municipal Corporation、Kalyan-Dombivali、塔那、烏爾哈斯訥格爾、瓦塞維拉爾
8	8	纽约^[11]	美國	21,575,000	11,875	1,700	N / A	11	22,200,000	含布里奇波特、紐華克、纽黑文
9	11	北京^[12]	中国大陆	21,250,000	4,144	5,100	L / B	13	20,700,000
10	9	圣保罗^[13]	巴西	21,100,000	3,043	6,900	C / B	12	21,900,000	含Guarulhos
11	10	墨西哥城^[14]	墨西哥	20,565,000	2,370	8,700	C / B	10	22,300,000	含Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, Ecatepec, Naucalpan
12	12	广州–佛山（广佛）^[15]	中国大陆	19,864,000	3,820	5,200	L / B	1	48,600,000	北珠江三角洲地区；含东莞市、佛山市, 江门市, 深圳市, 中山市；不含香港
13	21	达卡^[16]	孟加拉国	17,425,000	368	47,400	C / B	14	17,900,000
14	14	大阪–神户–京都（京阪神）^[17]	日本	17,165,000	3,238	5,300	C / B	15	17,800,000	含姬路市、神户市、京都市、堺市
15	15	莫斯科^[18]	俄羅斯	16,855,000	5,698	3,000	C / B	19	17,100,000
16	16	大开罗（英语：Greater Cairo）	埃及	16,545,000	1,917	8,600	C / B	19	17,100,000	含Al-Jizah, Hulwan, Shubra al-Khaymah
17	20	曼谷	泰國	15,975,000	3,043	5,200	C / B	18	17,400,000
18	17	洛杉矶^[19]	美國	15,620,000	6,299	2,300	N / A	16	17,700,000	含Anaheim, Riverside
19	22	布宜诺斯艾利斯^[20]	阿根廷	15,520,000	3,212	4,800	C / B	22	16,000,000	含圣胡斯托、拉普拉塔
20	19	加尔各答	印度	15,095,000	1,347	11,200	A / B	21	16,200,000	含豪拉
21	23	伊斯坦布尔	土耳其	13,995,000	1,360	10,300	C / B	23	14,600,000
22	22	德黑兰^[21]	伊朗	13,945,000	1,748	8,000	C / B	25	14,000,000	含卡拉季
23	15	拉各斯	奈及利亞	13,910,000	1,502	9,300	W / B	17	17,600,000
24	32	天津^[22]	中国大陆	13,655,000	2,771	4,900	L / B	28	11,800,000
25	7	卡拉奇^[23]	巴基斯坦	13,255,000	1,036	12,800	C / B	6	25,100,000	Based on population estimates before completion of 2017 Census.
26	24	深圳^[15]	中国大陆	12,905,000	1,748	7,400	L / B			（已包含于广州）
27	31	金沙萨^[24]	刚果民主共和国	12,350,000	583	21,200	C / B	30	10,900,000
28	26	里约热内卢	巴西	11,990,000	1,917	6,300	C / B	27	12,700,000	含新伊瓜苏、圣贡萨洛
29	39	成都	中国大陆	11,430,000	1,761	6,500	L / B	38	9,750,000	含双流区
30	30	利马	秘魯	11,355,000	894	12,700	C / B	35	10,100,000
31	42	拉合尔	巴基斯坦	11,070,000	896	12,400	C / B	32	10,500,000
32	27	巴黎	法國	10,980,000	2,845	3,700	A / A	29	11,300,000
33	33	班加罗尔	印度	10,920,000	1,166	9,400	A / B	31	10,800,000
34	37	胡志明市（西贡）	越南	10,690,000	1,580	6,800	C / B	44	8,300,000	含边和市
35	29	伦敦^[25]	英国	10,585,000	1,738	5,600	A / A	24	14,500,000
36	35	金奈	印度	10,555,000	1,049	10,100	A / B	34	10,300,000
37	28	名古屋（中京圈）^[26]	日本	10,105,000	3,885	2,600	C / B	32	10,500,000
38	36	波哥大	哥伦比亚	9,965,000	562	17,700	C / B	39	9,500,000
39	41	海得拉巴	印度	9,595,000	1,230	7,800	A / B	40	9,200,000
40	34	芝加哥^[27]	美國	9,160,000	6,856	1,300	N / A	37	9,800,000
41	43	约翰尼斯堡–东兰德（英语：East Rand）^[28]	南非	9,115,000	2,590	3,500	C / B	26	13,100,000	含东兰德、伊瓦顿、比勒陀利亚、Soshanguve、索韦托、弗里尼欣、西兰德
42	48	重庆^[29]	中国大陆	8,875,000	6,000	1,479	L / B	54	7,200,000
43	40	臺北都會區^[30]	臺灣	8,605,000	1,140	7,600	C / B	41	9,050,000	含新北市、基隆市、桃園市
44	38	东莞^[15]	中国大陆	8,340,000	1,619	5,200	L / B			（已包含于广州）
45	169	河内	越南	8,140,000	868	9,400	C / B	139	3,450,000
46	60	沈阳^[31]	中国大陆	8,095,000	1,502	5,400	C / B	47	7,800,000	含抚顺市
47	44	武汉	中国大陆	7,980,000	1,528	5,200	L / B	46	8,100,000
48	47	艾哈迈达巴德	印度	7,880,000	350	22,500	A / B	49	7,650,000
49	529	奥尼沙	奈及利亞	7,850,000	1,965	4,000	W / B	495	1,100,000
50	49	吉隆坡（巴生谷）^[32]	马来西亚	7,820,000	2,163	3,600	C / B	62	6,800,000	含巴生市
51	64	罗安达	安哥拉	7,560,000	894	7,700	C / B	51	7,450,000
52	46	香港^[15]	香港	7,380,000	285	25,900	C / B	53	7,300,000	包含香港特別行政區全域
53	83	波士顿^[33]	美國	7,315,000	9,189	800	N / A	50	7,550,000	含普罗维登斯
54	51	巴格达	伊拉克	7,135,000	673	10,600	D / B	58	7,000,000
55	50	杭州^[9]	中国大陆	7,100,000	1,269	6,000	L / B	42	8,450,000	含绍兴
56	89	郑州–荥阳	中国大陆	7,005,000	1,295	4,400	L / B	89	4,800,000
57	57	泉州^[34]	中国大陆	6,720,000	1,645	4,300	L / B			（已包含于厦门）
58	45	埃森–杜塞尔多夫（鲁尔区）^[35]	德国	6,665,000	2,655	2,500	C / B	72	5,700,000
59	52	多伦多–哈密尔顿	加拿大	6,635,000	2,287	2,900	N / A	54	7,200,000	含Hamilton
60	55	达拉斯–沃思堡^[36]	美國	6,600,000	5,175	1,100	N / A	63	6,750,000	含Fort Worth
61	56	旧金山湾区	美國	6,540,000	2,797	2,100	N / A	48	7,700,000	含Concord, Oakland, San Jose, Santa Rosa
62	59	南京^[9]	中国大陆	6,525,000	1,489	4,400	L / B	57	7,050,000
63	54	马德里	西班牙	6,385,000	1,360	4,700	C / B	65	6,250,000
64	53	圣地亚哥^[37]	智利	6,350,000	1,140	5,600	C / B	56	7,150,000
65	63	休斯顿^[38]	美國	6,285,000	4,841	1,100	N / A	64	6,350,000
66	69	利雅得	沙烏地阿拉伯	6,220,000	1,658	3,800	C / B	60	6,900,000
67	73	苏拉特	印度	6,200,000	233	26,600	A / B	70	5,900,000
68	58	迈阿密^[39]	美國	6,195,000	3,209	1,700	A / A	67	6,200,000	含Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach
69	86	苏州^[9]	中国大陆	6,175,000	1,360	4,500	C / B			（已包含于上海）
70	67	普纳	印度	6,110,000	583	10,500	A / B	65	6,250,000	含Pimpri-Chinchwad
71	74	万隆	印度尼西亞	5,945,000	557	10,700	C / B	68	6,050,000
72	66	新加坡^[40]	新加坡	5,930,000	518	11,400	A / B	59	6,950,000	含新山市（馬來西亞）
72	85	青岛–即墨	中国大陆	5,930,000	1,632	3,600	L / B	71	5,850,000
74	65	西安–咸阳^[41]	中国大陆	5,905,000	1,088	5,400	L / B	61	6,850,000	含咸阳市
75	84	内罗毕	肯尼亚	5,765,000	829	7,000	C / B	78	5,350,000
76	62	费城^[11]	美國	5,575,000	5,131	1,100	A / A	52	7,350,000	含Allentown, Trenton
77	77	仰光	緬甸	5,550,000	596	9,300	C / B	80	5,250,000
78	70	喀土穆	苏丹	5,490,000	971	5,700	C / B	72	5,700,000
79	245	福州	中国大陆	5,400,000	1,243	4,300	L / B	118	4,025,000
80	75	亚特兰大^[42]	美國	5,325,000	7,296	600	N / A	75	5,600,000
81	68	米兰^[43]	義大利	5,290,000	1,891	2,800	C / B	84	5,150,000
82	72	华盛顿哥伦比亚特区^[44]	美國	5,180,000	3,424	1,300	A / A	43	8,400,000	含巴尔的摩
83	71	圣彼德堡^[45]	俄羅斯	5,175,000	1,347	3,800	C / B	77	5,500,000
84	79	阿比让	科特迪瓦	5,145,000	376	13,700	W / B	82	5,200,000
85	82	哈尔滨^[46]	中国大陆	5,115,000	609	8,400	C / B	79	5,300,000
86	329	安曼	约旦	5,020,000	855	5,900	C / B	82	5,200,000
87	104	达累斯萨拉姆	坦桑尼亚	4,980,000	596	8,400	C / B	76	5,550,000
88	79	亞歷山卓	埃及	4,960,000	293	16,900	C / B	80	5,250,000
89	96	科威特城	科威特	4,860,000	712	6,800	C / B	104	4,275,000
90	87	安卡拉	土耳其	4,850,000	660	7,300	C / B	91	4,750,000
91	78	巴塞罗纳	西班牙	4,840,000	1,075	4,500	C / B	95	4,650,000
92	81	瓜达拉哈拉	墨西哥	4,830,000	803	6,000	C / B	85	5,050,000	含Zapopan
93	61	贝洛哈里桑塔	巴西	4,750,000	1,269	3,700	C / B	87	4,950,000
94	99	大连	中国大陆	4,600,000	971	4,700	C / B	96	4,600,000
95	155	贵阳	中国大陆	4,480,000	557	8,000	C / B	173	2,950,000
96	151	温州	中国大陆	4,460,000	479	9,300	C / B	69	5,950,000
97	136	卡萨布兰卡	摩洛哥	4,410,000	272	16,200	C / B	108	4,225,000
98	93	悉尼	澳大利亞	4,390,000	2,179	2,000	A / A	86	4,975,000	含Central Coast
99	91	凤凰城^[47]	美國	4,365,000	3,225	1,200	N / A	102	4,400,000
100	359	泗水	印度尼西亞	4,325,000	907	4,800	C / B	90	4,775,000

参考资料编辑

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Demographia World Urban Areas, 14th Annual Edition (PDF). April 2018. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-05-03）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Brinkhoff, Thomas. Major agglomerations of the World. City Population. 2017-01-01. （原始内容存档于2018-01-18）.
^ Demographia. Demographia World Urban Areas (PDF) 9th. March 2013. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-01）.
^ 包括神奈川、千叶和埼玉县的大部分，以及群马、栃木和茨城县的小部分。
^ Various international sources limit their population estimates to DKI Jakarta itself (the national capital district). However, the urbanization of Jakarta extends into the regencies of Tangerang, Bekasi, Bogor and Karawang and the separate cities of Bekasi, Depok and Bogor. Excludes urban areas of Karawang (650,000; 207 km²) and Serang (525,000; 65 km²).
^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh. Excludes urban area of Meerut (1,489,000; 104 km²).
^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), tend to be limited to Metro Manila, which is a province-level jurisdiction. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward into Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal and Batangas provinces. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
^ Includes satellite cities in Gyeonggi Province such as Suwon, Goyang, Seongnam, Yongin, Bucheon and Ansand which are treated as separate urban agglomerations by the United Nations. Excludes urban area of Cheonan (500,000; 57 km²) in Chungcheongnam-do.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Ningbo, Changzhou, Shaoxing, and urban area of Zhangjiaggang-Jiangyin within the prefecture-level cities of Suzhou and Wuxi are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Yangtze River Delta economic zone. Huai'an (1,856,000; 148 km²), Xuzhou (1,246,000; 233 km²), Nantong (1,036,000; 233 km²), Lianyungang (985,000; 155 km²), Zhenjiang (983,000; 168 km²), Yancheng (797,000; 207 km²), Huzhou (690,000; 111 km²), Taizhou (in Jiangsu Province; 300,000; 117 km²) and Suqian (220,000; 36 km²), as well as urban areas of Yangzhou (1,593,000; 233 km²) and Gaoyou (180,000; 39 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Yangzhou, urban areas of Kunshan (1,596,000; 492 km²), Changshu (1,139,000; 285 km²) and Taicang (523,000; 117 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Suzhou, urban areas of Cixi (1,200,000; 298 km²) and Yuyao (650,000; 122 km²) within the sub-provincial city of Ningbo, urban areas of Jiaxing (1,044,000; 259 km²) and Tongxiang (510,000; 52 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Jiaxing, urban areas of Wenling (510,000; 52 km²), Jiaojiang (375,000; 41 km²) and Huangyan (200,000; 34 km²) within the prefectrure-level city of Taizhou (in Zhejiang Province), urban areas of Zhuji (500,000; 117 km²) and Shangyu (400,000; 158 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Shaoxing, urban areas of Yiwu-Dongyang (925,000; 233 km²), Jinhua (520,000; 186 km²), Yongkang (500,000; 223 km²), Dongyang (260,000; 104 km²) and Lanxi (220,000; 34 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Jinhua, and urban area of Fuyang (450,000; 49 km²) within the sub-provincial city of Hangzhou are also excluded.
^ Includes Kalyan, and the Panvel urban area. As of 2016, alsoincludes the Census of India urban areas of Bhiwandi, Kalyan, VasaiVirarbeginning in 2016.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Demographia defines urban area of New York as a combination of New York–Newark, Bridgeport–Stamford, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury and Twin Rivers urbanized areas. New York and Philadelphia (same with Philadelphia urbanized area) are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Hartford (925,000; 1,336 km²), Allentown–Bethlehem (665,000; 896 km²), Springfield (621,000; 904 km²), Harrisburg (446,000; 673 km²), Poughkeepsie (427,000; 847 km²), Lancaster (405,000; 642 km²), Reading (284,000; 269 km²), Atlantic City (250,000; 324 km²), York (235,000; 342 km²), Norwich–New London (209,000; 394 km²), Waterbury (195,000; 233 km²) and Pottstown (108,000; 205 km²) are also excluded.
^ Excludes urban areas of Baoding (1,283,000; 220 km²), Zhangjiakou (1,322,000; 220 km²) and Chengde (108,000; 23 km²).
^ Includes Francisco Morato. Excludes urban area of Santos (1,716,000; 207 km²).
^ Excludes urban areas of Toluca (1,747,000; 220 km²) and Cuernavaca (675,000; 171 km²).
^ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 由于存在海关边境，劳动力、移民不能自由流动，香港和深圳被视为分别的城区。广州-佛山、深圳、东莞和中山也视作分别的城市地区，它们共同构成了珠江三角洲地区。尽管广州和佛山因经济紧密融合而合并为一个城区，珠三角其他地区仍被分为独立的城区。Thus, urban areas of Huizhou (1,387,000; 168 km²), Zhuhai (1,274,000; 246 km²) and Zhaoqing (500,000; 65 km²) as well as urban areas of Jiangmen (920,000; 259 km²) and Taishan (204,000; 44 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen, urban area of Lishui (300,000; 44 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Foshan and urban are of Macau (560,000; 21 km²) in the Macau Special Administrative Region are excluded. Urban area of Guangzhou–Foshan includes Shunde within the prefecture-level city of Foshan, which has been excluded in the 2011 edition. Urban area of Shenzhen includes Huiyang within the prefecture-level city of Huizhou, which has been excluded in the 2010 edition. Urban area of Huizhou includes only Huicheng District. The Demographia estimate for Dongguan is lower than last year, because local estimates previously used were higher than reported in the 2010 census.
^ Includes urban area of Narayanganj which has been excluded in the 2011 edition.
^ Includes Nara and Himeji. United Nations estimates separate Osaka–Kobe and Kyoto and exclude both Nara and Himeji. Excludes urban area of Ōtsu (775,000; 303 km²) and Wakayama (430,000; 91 km²).
^ The population estimate is suspect, due to the lack of readily available data for local areas outside the city jurisdiction (Moscow Oblast). Demographia is indebted to Richard Forstall, who has provided local authority area population data for portions of Moscow Oblast within the Moscow urban areas. Other estimates (such as the United Nations estimate) include only the municipality of Moscow, which includes only part of the urban footprint. Includes Elektrostal–Noginsk within Moscow Oblast, which has been excluded in the 2011 edition.
^ Combination of Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana, Riverside–San Bernardino and Mission Viejo urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Temecula–Murrieta (472,000; 420 km²), Indio–Palm Springs (370,000; 373 km²), Oxnard (369,000; 218 km²), Lancaster–Palmdale (358,000; 300 km²), Victorville–Hesperia–Apple Valley (350,000; 433 km²), Santa Clarita (272,000; 199 km²), Thousand Oaks (216,000; 223 km²), Santa Barbara (196,000; 145 km²), Hemet (163,000; 127 km²) and Simi Valley (126,000; 80 km²).
^ Excludes urban area of La Plata (675,000; 228 km²) which has been included in the 2007 edition.
^ Includes Eslamshahr and Karaj which has been excluded in the 2012 edition.
^ Tianjin and Tangshan are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Cangzhou (500,000; 130 km²) and Langfang (465,000; 130 km²) as well as urban area of Qian'an (400,000; 168 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Tangshan are also excluded. The population of the urban area of Tianjin is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of sub-municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area.
^ Excludes urban area of Brazzaville (1,685,000; 181 km²) in the Republic of the Congo.
^ Greater London urban area. Excludes urban areas of Reading (318,000; 84 km²), Southend-on-Sea (295,000; 72 km²), Aldershot (252,000; 79 km²), Luton (258,000; 51 km²), Medway (244,000; 52 km²), Crawley (181,000; 58 km²), Slough (164,000; 34 km²), Basildon (145,000; 37 km²), High Wycombe (133,000; 39 km²), Chelmsford (112,000; 26 km²) and Maidstone (108,000; 25 km²).
^ Includes Toyohashi.
^ Combination of Chicago, Kenosha and Round Lake Beach–McHenry–Grayslake urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Milwaukee (1,388,000; 1,414 km²), Rockford (301,000; 396 km²), South Bend (278,000; 417 km²), Elkhart (144,000; 238 km²) and Racine (134,000; 127 km).
^ Johannesburg–East Rand and Pretoria are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Vaal Triangle. Urban area of Vereeninging (Emfuleni) (650,000; 337 km²) is also excluded.
^ Excludes urban area of Wanzhou (Wanxian) (500,000; 41 km²) within the municipality of Chongqing. The direct-controlled municipality of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the direct-controlled city of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area.
^ The population is higher than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which do not include all population within the continuously developed urban area (especially in New Taipei City). Includes Taoyuan and Jhongli (Chungli) which have been excluded in the 2010 edition. Excludes urban area of Hsinchu (650,000; 117 km²).
^ Excludes urban areas of Fushun (1,412,000; 130 km²) and Tieling (325,000; 65 km²).
^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area in the state of Selangor. Continuous urbanization extends well beyond the municipality of Kuala Lumpur, for example to Port Klang and the area represents a single labor market (metropolitan area). The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration). Excludes urban area of Seremban (500,000; 155 km²).
^ Combination of Boston, Nashua, Providence (1,187,000; 1,412 km²), Worcester (489,000; 787 km²), Barnstable (247,000; 717 km²), Manchester (159,000; 223 km²), New Bedford (149,000; 142 km²) and Leominster–Fitchburg (117,000; 168 km²).
^ Includes Shishi and Jinjiang within the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou.
^ Essen–Düsseldorf and Cologne–Bonn are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area. Excludes urban area of Aachen–Vaals (585,000; 401 km²) in both Germany and the Netherlands.
^ Combination of Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, Denton–Lewisville and McKinney urbanized areas.
^ Excludes urban area of Valparaíso–Viña del Mar (875,000; 161 km²).
^ Combination of Houston and Conroe urbanized areas. Excludes urban area of Texas City (106,000; 197 km²).
^ Miami urbanized area. Includes former urban areas of Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach, which were combined by the US Census Bureau into Miami in 2000.
^ Excludes urban area of Johor Bahru (1,640,000; 712 km²) in Malaysia and urban area of Batam (900,000; 218 km²) in Indonesia.
^ Includes Xianyang which has been excluded in the 2010 edition.
^ Atlanta urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Gainesville (131,000; 326 km²) and Athens (129,000; 254 km²).
^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area, which stretches into Como, Lecco and Varese provinces. Excludes Bergamo which has been included in the 2007 edition (4,950,000; 3,043 km² in total).
^ The US Census Bureau combines Washington and Baltimore into a single metropolitan area (consolidated area) but Demographia considers the two (same with Washington, DC and Baltimore urbanized areas) as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Aberdeen–Havre de Grace (214,000; 339 km²), Hagerstown (183,000; 344 km²), Frederick (142,000; 189 km²), Fredericksburg (141,000; 202 km²) and Waldorf (110,000; 176 km²) are also excluded.
^ Includes communities under the authority of the Town Council.
^ Excludes urban areas of Acheng (300,000; 39 km²) and Shangzhi (250,000; 18 km²) within the sub-provincial city of Harbin.
^ Combination of Phoenix–Mesa, Avondale and Sierra Vista urbanized area.

参见编辑

外部链接编辑

UN Demographic Yearbook （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- UN World Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision)
Demographia （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Th. Brinkhoff: The Principal Agglomerations of the World（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- insee.fr - Geopolis study of urban areas （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Gridded Population of the World （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[Demog14th-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Demographia World Urban Areas, 14th Annual Edition (PDF). April 2018. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-05-03）.

[city-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Brinkhoff, Thomas. Major agglomerations of the World. City Population. 2017-01-01. （原始内容存档于2018-01-18）.

[Demographia2013-3] Demographia. Demographia World Urban Areas (PDF) 9th. March 2013. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-01）.

[4] 包括神奈川、千叶和埼玉县的大部分，以及群马、栃木和茨城县的小部分。

[5] Various international sources limit their population estimates to DKI Jakarta itself (the national capital district). However, the urbanization of Jakarta extends into the regencies of Tangerang, Bekasi, Bogor and Karawang and the separate cities of Bekasi, Depok and Bogor. Excludes urban areas of Karawang (650,000; 207 km²) and Serang (525,000; 65 km²).

[6] Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh. Excludes urban area of Meerut (1,489,000; 104 km²).

[7] The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), tend to be limited to Metro Manila, which is a province-level jurisdiction. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward into Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal and Batangas provinces. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).

[8] Includes satellite cities in Gyeonggi Province such as Suwon, Goyang, Seongnam, Yongin, Bucheon and Ansand which are treated as separate urban agglomerations by the United Nations. Excludes urban area of Cheonan (500,000; 57 km²) in Chungcheongnam-do.

[Yangtze-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Ningbo, Changzhou, Shaoxing, and urban area of Zhangjiaggang-Jiangyin within the prefecture-level cities of Suzhou and Wuxi are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Yangtze River Delta economic zone. Huai'an (1,856,000; 148 km²), Xuzhou (1,246,000; 233 km²), Nantong (1,036,000; 233 km²), Lianyungang (985,000; 155 km²), Zhenjiang (983,000; 168 km²), Yancheng (797,000; 207 km²), Huzhou (690,000; 111 km²), Taizhou (in Jiangsu Province; 300,000; 117 km²) and Suqian (220,000; 36 km²), as well as urban areas of Yangzhou (1,593,000; 233 km²) and Gaoyou (180,000; 39 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Yangzhou, urban areas of Kunshan (1,596,000; 492 km²), Changshu (1,139,000; 285 km²) and Taicang (523,000; 117 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Suzhou, urban areas of Cixi (1,200,000; 298 km²) and Yuyao (650,000; 122 km²) within the sub-provincial city of Ningbo, urban areas of Jiaxing (1,044,000; 259 km²) and Tongxiang (510,000; 52 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Jiaxing, urban areas of Wenling (510,000; 52 km²), Jiaojiang (375,000; 41 km²) and Huangyan (200,000; 34 km²) within the prefectrure-level city of Taizhou (in Zhejiang Province), urban areas of Zhuji (500,000; 117 km²) and Shangyu (400,000; 158 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Shaoxing, urban areas of Yiwu-Dongyang (925,000; 233 km²), Jinhua (520,000; 186 km²), Yongkang (500,000; 223 km²), Dongyang (260,000; 104 km²) and Lanxi (220,000; 34 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Jinhua, and urban area of Fuyang (450,000; 49 km²) within the sub-provincial city of Hangzhou are also excluded.

[Mumbai-10] Includes Kalyan, and the Panvel urban area. As of 2016, alsoincludes the Census of India urban areas of Bhiwandi, Kalyan, VasaiVirarbeginning in 2016.

[NP-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Demographia defines urban area of New York as a combination of New York–Newark, Bridgeport–Stamford, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury and Twin Rivers urbanized areas. New York and Philadelphia (same with Philadelphia urbanized area) are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Hartford (925,000; 1,336 km²), Allentown–Bethlehem (665,000; 896 km²), Springfield (621,000; 904 km²), Harrisburg (446,000; 673 km²), Poughkeepsie (427,000; 847 km²), Lancaster (405,000; 642 km²), Reading (284,000; 269 km²), Atlantic City (250,000; 324 km²), York (235,000; 342 km²), Norwich–New London (209,000; 394 km²), Waterbury (195,000; 233 km²) and Pottstown (108,000; 205 km²) are also excluded.

[12] Excludes urban areas of Baoding (1,283,000; 220 km²), Zhangjiakou (1,322,000; 220 km²) and Chengde (108,000; 23 km²).

[13] Includes Francisco Morato. Excludes urban area of Santos (1,716,000; 207 km²).

[14] Excludes urban areas of Toluca (1,747,000; 220 km²) and Cuernavaca (675,000; 171 km²).

[PRD-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 由于存在海关边境，劳动力、移民不能自由流动，香港和深圳被视为分别的城区。广州-佛山、深圳、东莞和中山也视作分别的城市地区，它们共同构成了珠江三角洲地区。尽管广州和佛山因经济紧密融合而合并为一个城区，珠三角其他地区仍被分为独立的城区。Thus, urban areas of Huizhou (1,387,000; 168 km²), Zhuhai (1,274,000; 246 km²) and Zhaoqing (500,000; 65 km²) as well as urban areas of Jiangmen (920,000; 259 km²) and Taishan (204,000; 44 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen, urban area of Lishui (300,000; 44 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Foshan and urban are of Macau (560,000; 21 km²) in the Macau Special Administrative Region are excluded. Urban area of Guangzhou–Foshan includes Shunde within the prefecture-level city of Foshan, which has been excluded in the 2011 edition. Urban area of Shenzhen includes Huiyang within the prefecture-level city of Huizhou, which has been excluded in the 2010 edition. Urban area of Huizhou includes only Huicheng District. The Demographia estimate for Dongguan is lower than last year, because local estimates previously used were higher than reported in the 2010 census.

[16] Includes urban area of Narayanganj which has been excluded in the 2011 edition.

[17] Includes Nara and Himeji. United Nations estimates separate Osaka–Kobe and Kyoto and exclude both Nara and Himeji. Excludes urban area of Ōtsu (775,000; 303 km²) and Wakayama (430,000; 91 km²).

[18] The population estimate is suspect, due to the lack of readily available data for local areas outside the city jurisdiction (Moscow Oblast). Demographia is indebted to Richard Forstall, who has provided local authority area population data for portions of Moscow Oblast within the Moscow urban areas. Other estimates (such as the United Nations estimate) include only the municipality of Moscow, which includes only part of the urban footprint. Includes Elektrostal–Noginsk within Moscow Oblast, which has been excluded in the 2011 edition.

[19] Combination of Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana, Riverside–San Bernardino and Mission Viejo urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Temecula–Murrieta (472,000; 420 km²), Indio–Palm Springs (370,000; 373 km²), Oxnard (369,000; 218 km²), Lancaster–Palmdale (358,000; 300 km²), Victorville–Hesperia–Apple Valley (350,000; 433 km²), Santa Clarita (272,000; 199 km²), Thousand Oaks (216,000; 223 km²), Santa Barbara (196,000; 145 km²), Hemet (163,000; 127 km²) and Simi Valley (126,000; 80 km²).

[20] Excludes urban area of La Plata (675,000; 228 km²) which has been included in the 2007 edition.

[TK-21] Includes Eslamshahr and Karaj which has been excluded in the 2012 edition.

[Tianjin-22] Tianjin and Tangshan are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Cangzhou (500,000; 130 km²) and Langfang (465,000; 130 km²) as well as urban area of Qian'an (400,000; 168 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Tangshan are also excluded. The population of the urban area of Tianjin is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of sub-municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).

[23] The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area.

[24] Excludes urban area of Brazzaville (1,685,000; 181 km²) in the Republic of the Congo.

[25] Greater London urban area. Excludes urban areas of Reading (318,000; 84 km²), Southend-on-Sea (295,000; 72 km²), Aldershot (252,000; 79 km²), Luton (258,000; 51 km²), Medway (244,000; 52 km²), Crawley (181,000; 58 km²), Slough (164,000; 34 km²), Basildon (145,000; 37 km²), High Wycombe (133,000; 39 km²), Chelmsford (112,000; 26 km²) and Maidstone (108,000; 25 km²).

[26] Includes Toyohashi.

[27] Combination of Chicago, Kenosha and Round Lake Beach–McHenry–Grayslake urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Milwaukee (1,388,000; 1,414 km²), Rockford (301,000; 396 km²), South Bend (278,000; 417 km²), Elkhart (144,000; 238 km²) and Racine (134,000; 127 km).

[VT-28] Johannesburg–East Rand and Pretoria are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Vaal Triangle. Urban area of Vereeninging (Emfuleni) (650,000; 337 km²) is also excluded.

[29] Excludes urban area of Wanzhou (Wanxian) (500,000; 41 km²) within the municipality of Chongqing. The direct-controlled municipality of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the direct-controlled city of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area.

[30] The population is higher than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which do not include all population within the continuously developed urban area (especially in New Taipei City). Includes Taoyuan and Jhongli (Chungli) which have been excluded in the 2010 edition. Excludes urban area of Hsinchu (650,000; 117 km²).

[31] Excludes urban areas of Fushun (1,412,000; 130 km²) and Tieling (325,000; 65 km²).

[32] The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area in the state of Selangor. Continuous urbanization extends well beyond the municipality of Kuala Lumpur, for example to Port Klang and the area represents a single labor market (metropolitan area). The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration). Excludes urban area of Seremban (500,000; 155 km²).

[33] Combination of Boston, Nashua, Providence (1,187,000; 1,412 km²), Worcester (489,000; 787 km²), Barnstable (247,000; 717 km²), Manchester (159,000; 223 km²), New Bedford (149,000; 142 km²) and Leominster–Fitchburg (117,000; 168 km²).

[34] Includes Shishi and Jinjiang within the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou.

[RR-35] Essen–Düsseldorf and Cologne–Bonn are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area. Excludes urban area of Aachen–Vaals (585,000; 401 km²) in both Germany and the Netherlands.

[36] Combination of Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, Denton–Lewisville and McKinney urbanized areas.

[37] Excludes urban area of Valparaíso–Viña del Mar (875,000; 161 km²).

[38] Combination of Houston and Conroe urbanized areas. Excludes urban area of Texas City (106,000; 197 km²).

[39] Miami urbanized area. Includes former urban areas of Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach, which were combined by the US Census Bureau into Miami in 2000.

[40] Excludes urban area of Johor Bahru (1,640,000; 712 km²) in Malaysia and urban area of Batam (900,000; 218 km²) in Indonesia.

[41] Includes Xianyang which has been excluded in the 2010 edition.

[42] Atlanta urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Gainesville (131,000; 326 km²) and Athens (129,000; 254 km²).

[43] The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area, which stretches into Como, Lecco and Varese provinces. Excludes Bergamo which has been included in the 2007 edition (4,950,000; 3,043 km² in total).

[Baltimore-44] The US Census Bureau combines Washington and Baltimore into a single metropolitan area (consolidated area) but Demographia considers the two (same with Washington, DC and Baltimore urbanized areas) as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Aberdeen–Havre de Grace (214,000; 339 km²), Hagerstown (183,000; 344 km²), Frederick (142,000; 189 km²), Fredericksburg (141,000; 202 km²) and Waldorf (110,000; 176 km²) are also excluded.

[45] Includes communities under the authority of the Town Council.

[46] Excludes urban areas of Acheng (300,000; 39 km²) and Shangzhi (250,000; 18 km²) within the sub-provincial city of Harbin.

[47] Combination of Phoenix–Mesa, Avondale and Sierra Vista urbanized area.

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