Baike


中文
ChineseEnglishJapanese

念珠菌属

酵母菌科的一属真菌

（重定向自念珠菌屬）

念珠菌屬（學名：Candida）又称假丝酵母属，是酵母中的一属，这一属中的许多物种是动物宿主里面的寄生物，人类自然也是它们的宿主之一。虽然通常它们都是以共生体的形式与宿主和平共处，但某些假丝酵母可能会导致疾病。临床上发现，假丝酵母中最常见的是白色念珠菌，它们通常会感染人类和其它动物，导致出现鹅口疮（又叫念珠菌病），尤其在免疫力低下的病人身上发生[1]。许多假丝酵母的成员都是动物肠道中常见的菌种，包括存在于哺乳动物宿主身上的白色念珠菌，而其它的则是在昆虫体内共生[2][3]。通常这一属中的菌种也叫做念珠菌，例如白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌等。

念珠菌屬
顯微鏡下放大200倍的白色念珠菌
科学分类 编辑
界：真菌界 Fungi
门：子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲：酵母菌綱 Saccharomycetes
目：酵母菌目 Saccharomycetales
科：酵母菌科 Saccharomycetaceae
属：念珠菌屬 Candida
Berkh.（英语：Christine Marie Berkhout）, 1923
种

见正文

过去十年里，由于免疫力低下的病患数量增加，同时因为这类病患身上的机会感染主要是由假丝酵母属菌种导致的，因此我们已经看到有针对性地药物治疗变得越来越重要[4]。于此同时，假丝酵母属中的某些品种已经完成了测序，因此我们有机会得以借助后基因时代的方法，来仔细研究它们的一些生物学特征。通过这种研究（包括致病性的假丝酵母以及相关的其它酵母品种），我们已经得到一些知识使得我们可以创造革命性的抗真菌治疗方法，独创性的特异免疫干涉疗法，以及真菌感染的高灵敏度诊断方法[4]。有些另类医学的实践者认为，假丝酵母的过度繁殖可以导致从疲劳到增重的许多健康问题，然而并没有任何证据可以支持这种理论，因此绝大多数医生不相信这种说法[5][6]。

南极假丝酵母是一种工业脂肪分解酶的来源。

实验室特征编辑

在实验室中培养发现，假丝酵母在琼脂平板上呈现出大片圆形的白色或奶油色的菌落[7]。白色念珠菌就是得名于拉丁文的“白色的”（albicans）。

临床特征编辑

许多假丝酵母属品种都是表皮感染的病原，例如鹅口疮，以及阴道念珠菌感染。对于健康的个体，这种感染可以通过抗真菌治疗而治愈。然而对于免疫低下的病人来说，长期深层的酵母感染可能会导致致命的后果。对于艾滋病病人，在重症监护病房中的病人，接受化疗的癌症患者，以及已接受器官移植的病人等疫力低下的人来说，假丝酵母也是多种致命的机会感染病原体[4]。其它常见的假丝酵母感染还包括由于佩戴丙烯酸假牙而导致的口腔念珠菌感染，这在佩戴假牙的老年人中尤其常见[8]。此外使用抗胃酸药物也可能导致肠胃中大片白色念珠菌菌落的出现，而这可能会妨碍辅酶Q10的吸收[9]。

种编辑

在假丝酵母属当中，白色念珠菌是人类肠胃中常见的组成菌落之一，也是皮肤及泌尿生殖系统中的其中一种共生菌种。它是导致大部分念珠菌血液感染的罪魁祸首，然而，最近由光滑念珠菌导致的感染却在不断增加，这可能是由于它对常用于抗真菌治疗的药物氮唑不敏感而导致的。其它医学上比较重要的品种包括近平滑假丝酵母、热带假丝酵母以及都柏林假丝酵母[4]。

其它的品种，例如橄榄假丝酵母在水果上用于生物控制[10]。

其它编辑

另类医学的实践者用Candida（假丝酵母或者叫念珠菌）这个词来指代大量病症的综合现象，包括肠胃不适、皮疹、牙龈肿痛以及其它疑难杂症。他们还认为，从具体至花粉过敏到模糊至脑力疲劳，甚至到增重或胃胀不适都是念珠菌引起的。这些症状统统被替代疗法实践者贴上“肠道念珠菌过度增生”的标签，甚至声称这将导致这些酵母会通过血液扩散到全身。

在替代疗法中，用来描述各种综合症状所用的念珠菌这个词，其实和临床医学中所指的特定致病真菌并没有任何关系，这会导致病人被误导。没有任何的研究能证明肠胃中的念珠菌会导致上述疾病 [5][6]。

为了治疗这种所谓的念珠菌感染，替代疗法实践者通常会建议避免使用抗生素，避免女性生育的药物控制，以及避免食用含糖量高，或者含有酵母的食品，同时采取措施消除身体中过多的酵母。然而，并没有任何证据能证明这种治疗方式能够治疗肠胃念珠菌感染，或者治愈按照他们的理论能够治愈的病症[5][6][11][12]。

種類编辑

在念珠菌屬中最常見的種類為白色念珠菌，為人類常見的正常菌叢，常棲於表皮、腸胃道，及泌尿道表面。當免疫系統缺陷時，大量念珠菌可能進入到血液循環中，此時稱為念珠菌血症（Candidemia）。Yet, there is an increasing incidence of infections caused by C. glabrata（英语：Candida glabrata） and C. rugosa, which could be because they are frequently less susceptible to the currently used azole（英语：azole） antifungals.[13]Other medically important species include C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis.[4]

其他Candida 菌种，如C. oleophila（英语：Candida oleophila） 已在水果上用作生物防治剂。[10]

  • Candida adriatica Čadež, Cardinali, Ciafardini & G. Péter
  • Candida aechmeae Landell & P. Valente
  • 非洲假丝酵母 Candida africana H.-J. Tietz, Hopp, Schmalreck, Sterry & Czaika
  • Candida akabanensis Nakase, M. Suzuki, M. Takash., Rosadi, Hermosillo & Komag.
  • Candida alai S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 白色念珠菌 Candida albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout，白色假丝酵母，白假丝酵母，白念珠菌
  • Candida allociferrii Ueda-Nishim. & Mikata
  • Candida amphicis S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 暗牧菲克假丝酵母 Candida amphixiae
  • Candida anglica Kurtzman, Robnett & Yarrow
  • 南极假丝酵母 Candida antarctica
  • Candida aquae-textoris Vallini, Frassinetti & Scorzetti
  • Candida arabinofermentans Kurtzman & Dien
  • Candida arcana S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
  • 耐银假丝酵母 Candida argentea S.L. Holland, S.V. Avery & P.S. Dyer
  • 艾斯卡乐菲假丝酵母 Candida ascalaphidarum N.H. Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
  • Candida asparagi F.Y. Bai & H.Z. Lu
  • 大西洋假丝酵母 Candida atlantica (Siepmann) S.A. Mey. & Simione
  • 大气假丝酵母 Candida atmosphaerica Santa María
  • Candida aurita A.V. Polyak. & Chernov
  • Candida bambusicola Nakase, Jindam., Am-in & Limtong
  • Candida bentonensis Kurtzman
  • Candida berkhoutiae Nakase, Jindam., Am-in, C.F. Lee & Limtong
  • Candida bertae C. Ramírez & A.E. González
  • Candida berthetii Boidin, Pignal, Mermiér & Arpin
  • Candida blackwelliae F.Y. Bai & Z.H. Ji
  • Candida blankii H.R. Buckley & Uden
  • 蟑螂假丝酵母 Candida blattae N.H. Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
  • Candida blattariae S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • Candida bohioensis S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 博伊丁假丝酵母 Candida boidinii C. Ramírez
  • Candida boleticola Nakase
  • Candida bombicola (J.F.T. Spencer, Gorin & A.P. Tulloch) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida bracarensis A. Correia, P. Samp., S.A. James & C. Pais
  • Candida broadrunensis S.O. Suh & J.J. Zhou
  • 凤梨假丝酵母 Candida bromeliacearum Ruivo, Pagnocca, Lachance & C.A. Rosa
  • Candida buenavistaensis S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • Candida buinensis Soneda & S. Uchida
  • Candida californica (Mrak & McClung ex K.W. Anderson & C.E. Skinner) F.Y. Bai, Z.W. Wu & V. Robert
  • 嗜果实假丝酵母 Candida carpophila
  • 卡瓦哈尔假丝酵母 Candida carvajalis S.A. James, E.J. Carvajal, C.J. Bond, K. Cross, N.C. Núñez, Portero & I.N. Roberts[14]
  • Candida caryicola Kurtzman
  • Candida caseinolytica Phaff, Starmer, Lachance & Ganter
  • Candida castellii (Capr.) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • 链状假丝酵母 Candida catenulata
  • Candida cellulolytica Nakase, M. Suzuki, M. Takash., Hamam., Hatano & Kukui
  • 天牛假丝酵母 Candida cerambycidarum S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • Candida cetoniae Gouliam., R.A. Dimitrov, M.T. Sm., M. Groenew. & Boekhout
  • 果生假丝酵母 Candida chauliodis N.H. Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
  • Candida chilensis Grinb. & Yarrow
  • Candida chrysomelidarum N.H. Nguyen, S.O. Suh, Erbil & M. Blackw.
  • 西弗假丝酵母 Candida ciferrii
  • Candida citrica C. Ramírez
  • Candida coleopterorum F.L. Hui, X.J. Liu, Y.C. Ren, L.L. Xu, Z.H. Yi & S.T. Liu
  • 软假丝酵母 Candida colliculosa (Sacc. & D. Sacc.) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida conglobata (Redaelli) Cif.
  • Candida corniculata Kuraishi
  • 延胡索假丝酵母 Candida corydali N.H. Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
  • 弯假丝酵母 Candida curvata
  • Candida cylindracea Koichi Yamada & Machida ex S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida danieliae M. Groenew., V. Robert & M.T. Sm.
  • Candida delhiana Mukerji & M. Khanna
  • Candida dendrica (Van der Walt, Klift & D.B. Scott) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida dendronema Van der Walt, Klift & D.B. Scott
  • Candida derodonti S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
  • Candida diddensiae (Phaff, Mrak & O.B. Williams) Fell & S.A. Mey.
  • Candida digboiensis G.S. Prasad, Mayilraj, Sood & Ban. Lal
  • Candida diospyri F.Y. Bai & H.Z. Lu
  • 多西假丝酵母 Candida dosseyi N.H. Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
  • 克鲁斯假丝酵母 Candida drusei
  • 杜氏假丝酵母 Candida dubliniensis D.J. Sullivan, Western., K.A. Haynes, Dés.E. Benn. & D.C. Coleman
  • Candida duobushaemulonis Cend.-Bueno, Kolecka, Alastr.-Izq., Gómez-López, Cuenc.-Estr. & Boekhout
  • 厄瓜多尔假丝酵母 Candida ecuadorensis S.A. James
  • Candida endomychidarum S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • Candida entomophila D.B. Scott, Van der Walt & Klift
  • Candida eppingiae M. Groenew., V. Robert & M.T. Sm.
  • Candida ergatensis
  • Candida ethanolica Rybářová, Štros & Kock.-Krat.
  • Candida ezoensis Nakase, Imanishi, Jindam. & Am-in
  • 无名假丝酵母 Candida famata
  • 发酵假丝酵母 Candida fermentati (Saito) F.Y. Bai
  • Candida flosculorum C.A. Rosa, Pagnocca, Lachance, Ruivo & A.O. Medeiros
  • Candida fluviatilis L.R. Hedrick
  • Candida fragi M. Suzuki, Nakase & Fukaz.
  • Candida fragicola Nakase
  • Candida freyschussii H.R. Buckley & Uden
  • Candida friedrichii Uden & Windisch
  • Candida frijolesensis S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 果实假丝酵母 Candida fructus (Nakase) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida fukazawae Nakase, M. Suzuki, Sugita, S.O. Suh & Komag.
  • Candida fungicola Nakase, M. Suzuki, Sugita, S.O. Suh & Komag.
  • Candida gelsemii Lachance
  • Candida germanica Kurtzman, Robnett & Yarrow
  • 加纳假丝酵母 Candida ghanaensis Kurtzman
  • Candida gigantensis S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 光滑念珠菌 Candida glabrata (H.W. Anderson) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow，光滑假丝酵母
  • Candida glaebosa Komag. & Nakase
  • 球形假丝酵母 Candida globosa
  • Candida glucosophila Tokuoka, Ishit., Goto & Komag.
  • Candida golubevii C.A. Rosa, Jindam., Limtong, Nakase, Pagnocca & Lachance
  • Candida gorgasii S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 高里念珠菌 Candida guilliermondii ，吉利蒙假丝酵母，高里假丝酵母
  • Candida haemuloni (Uden & Kolip.) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • 海南假丝酵母 Candida hainanensis F.Y. Bai & S.A. Wang
  • 夏威夷假丝酵母 Candida hawaiiana Lachance, J.M. Bowles & Starmer
  • Candida heliconiae Ruivo, Pagnocca, Lachance & C.A. Rosa
  • Candida hellenical ，异名： Candida steatolytica
  • Candida heveicola F.Y. Bai & S.A. Wang
  • Candida hispaniensis Kurtzman
  • 霍氏假丝酵母 Candida holmii
  • Candida hyderabadensis R.Sreen. Rao, Bhadra, N.N. Kumar & Shivaji
  • Candida hydrocarbofumarica K. Yamada, T. Furuk. & Nakahara ex Ramirez
  • Candida incommunis Y. Ohara, Nonom. & M. Yamaz.
  • 平常假丝酵母 Candida inconspicua (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida insectalens (D.B. Scott, Van der Walt & Klift) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • 昆虫门假丝酵母 Candida insectamans D.B. Scott, Van der Walt & Klift
  • 昆虫假丝酵母 Candida insectorum D.B. Scott, Van der Walt & Klift
  • 中型假丝酵母 Candida intermedia (Cif. & Ashford) Langeron & Guerra，中间假丝酵母
  • Candida inulinophila Nakase, Jindam., Am-in & Limtong
  • Candida ipomoeae Lachance, C.A. Rosa, Starmer & J.M. Bowles
  • 杰弗里西假丝酵母 Candida jeffriesii N.H. Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
  • Candida jiufengensis F.Y. Bai & Z.H. Ji
  • Candida kanchanaburiensis Nakase, Jindam., Ninomiya, Imanishi, H. Kawas. & Potach.
  • Candida kantuleensis Nitiyon, Khunnamw., Lertwatt. & Limtong
  • 乳酒假丝酵母 Candida kefyr
  • 煤油假丝酵母 Candida keroseneae Buddie, Bridge, J. Kelley & R.J. Ryan
  • Candida khao-thaluensis J.Z. Groenew., M.T. Sm. & V. Robert
  • 克柔念珠菌 Candida krusei ，克鲁斯氏假丝酵母，克柔氏假丝酵母，克柔假丝酵母
  • Candida labiduridarum S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 郎比可假丝酵母 Candida lambica
  • Candida leandrae Ruivo, Pagnocca, Lachance & C.A. Rosa
  • Candida lessepsii S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • Candida linzhiensis F.Y. Bai & Z.W. Wu
  • 解脂假丝酵母 Candida lipolytica
  • Candida lipophila Lachance, C.A. Rosa, Starmer, Schlag-Edl., J.S.F. Barker & J.M. Bowles
  • Candida lodderae Kumbh.
  • Candida lundiana Saks., M. Suzuki, Lumyong, Ohkuma & Chantaw.
  • 葡萄牙假丝酵母 Candida lusitaniae
  • 莱克苏菲拉假丝酵母 Candida lyxosophila Van der Walt, N.P. Ferreira & Steyn
  • Candida magnifica Verona
  • 木兰假丝酵母 Candida magnoliae
  • 麦芽糖假丝酵母 Candida maltosa Komag., Nakase & Katsuya
  • Candida manassasensis S.O. Suh & J.J. Zhou
  • Candida margiti F.L. Hui, X.J. Liu, Y.C. Ren, L.L. Xu, Z.H. Yi & S.T. Liu
  • 海生假丝酵母 Candida marina
  • Candida maris (Uden & Zobell) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida maritima (Siepmann) Uden & H.R. Buckley
  • Candida materiae A.C. Barbosa, R.M. Cadete, F.C.O. Gomes, Lachance & C.A. Rosa
  • 口津假丝酵母 Candida melibiosica H.R. Buckley & Uden
  • 膜醭假丝酵母 Candida membranifaciens (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) Wick. & Burton，璞膜假丝酵母
  • Candida mengyuniae Jian He & Bo Chen
  • Candida mesenterica (A. Geiger) Diddens & Lodder
  • Candida mesorugosa [15]
  • Candida metapsilosis Tavanti, A. Davidson, Gow, M. Maiden & Odds
  • Candida methanosorbosa (S. Abe & Yokote) J.A. Barnett, R.W. Payne & Yarrow
  • Candida michaelii S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • Candida middelhoveniana J.R.A. Ribeiro, P.M.B. Carvalho, A.S. Cabral, A. Macrae, Mend.-Hagler, Berbara & Hagler
  • 梅林假丝酵母 Candida milleri
  • 蒙奇假丝酵母 Candida mogii Vidal-Leir.
  • Candida montana Goto & Oguri
  • Candida montrocheri M. Morelet
  • Candida morakotiae Nakase, Jindam., Ninomiya, Imanishi & H. Kawas.
  • Candida multis-gemmis (Buhagiar) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida mycetangii Kurtzman
  • Candida namnaoensis Nakase, Jindam., Am-In, Ninomiya & H. Kawas.
  • Candida nanaspora Saëz & Rodr. Mir.
  • Candida natalensis Van der Walt & Tscheuschner
  • Candida neerlandica Kurtzman, Robnett & Yarrow
  • Candida nemodendra (Van der Walt, Klift & D.B. Scott) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida nitratophila (Shifrine & Phaff) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida nivariensis Alcoba-Flórez, Méndez-Álv., Cano, Guarro, Pérez-Roth & Arévalo
  • Candida nongkhaiensis Nakase, Jindam., Am-in & Limtong
  • Candida nonsorbophila Nakase, Jindam., Am-in, Ninomiya, H. Kawas. & Limtong
  • 挪威假丝酵母 Candida norvegensis
  • Candida norvegica (Reiersöl) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
    • 假丝酵母 Candida norvegica norvegica
  • 橄榄假丝酵母 Candida oleophila
  • Candida odintsovae Babeva, Reshetova, Blagod. & Galimova
  • Candida olivae Nisiotou, Panagou & Nychas
  • Candida onishii Kumbh.
  • Candida orba Starmer, Phaff, Ganter & Lachance
  • 俄勒冈假丝酵母 Candida oregonensis Phaff & Carmo Souza
  • Candida orthopsilosis Tavanti, A. Davidson, Gow, M. Maiden & Odds
  • Candida ovalis Kumam. & M. Yamam.
  • Candida oxycetoniae F.Y. Bai & Z.H. Ji
  • Candida palmioleophila Nakase & Itoh
  • Candida palmyrensis S.O. Suh & J.J. Zhou
  • Candida parablackwelliae F.L. Hui & L.N. Huang
  • Candida parachauliodes F.L. Hui, X.J. Liu, Y.C. Ren, L.L. Xu, Z.H. Yi & S.T. Liu
  • Candida parapolymorpha S.O. Suh & J.J. Zhou
  • 近平滑假丝酵母 Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice 近平滑念珠菌 C. parapsilosis
  • 菌膜假丝酵母 Candida pelliculosa
  • Candida peoriensis Kurtzman
  • Candida picachoensis S.O. Suh, C.M. Gibson & M. Blackw.
  • Candida piceae Kurtzman
  • Candida picinguabensis Ruivo, Pagnocca, Lachance & C.A. Rosa
  • Candida pignaliae (F.H. Jacob) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida pimensis S.O. Suh, C.M. Gibson & M. Blackw.
  • Candida pinus (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida plutei S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
  • Candida ponderosae Kurtzman
  • Candida pseudoaaseri Pfüller, Y. Gräser, M. Erhard & M. Groenew.
  • Candida pseudocylindracea F.Y. Bai & Chen Wang bis
  • Candida pseudofarinosa S. Mallet, S. Weiss, N. Jacques & Casarég.
  • Candida pseudoflosculorum M. Groenew., V. Robert & M.T. Sm.
  • Candida pseudoglaebosa M. Suzuki & Nakase
  • Candida pseudohaemulonii Sugita, M. Takash., Poonwan & Mekha
  • Candida pseudointermedia Nakase, Komag. & Fukaz.
  • Candida pseudojiufengensis F.Y. Bai & Z.H. Ji
  • Candida pseudolambica M.T. Sm. & Poot
  • Candida pseudotumoralis Morquer, E. Puget & Bazex
  • Candida psychrophila (Goto, Sugiy. & Iizuka) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • 铁红假丝酵母 Candida pulcherrima
  • 秦岭假丝酵母 Candida qinlingensis F.Y. Bai & H.Z. Lu
  • Candida quercitrusa S.A. Mey. & Phaff
  • Candida quercuum Nakase
  • Candida railenensis C. Ramírez & A.E. González
  • Candida restingae C.A. Rosa, Lachance, Starmer, J.S.F. Barker, J.M. Bowles & Schlag-Edl.
  • Candida rhizophorensis Fell, M.H. Gut., Statzell & Scorzetti
  • Candida rignihuensis C. Ramírez & A.E. González
  • Candida rishiriensis Nakase, Imanishi, Ninomiya & M. Takash.
  • Candida robnettiae M. Groenew., V. Robert & M.T. Sm.
  • Candida rongomai-pounamu Padamsee, B.S. Weir, M.E. Petterson & P.K. Buchanan
  • Candida ruelliae Saluja & G.S. Prasad
  • Candida rugopelliculosa Nakase
  • 皱褶假丝酵母 Candida rugosa ，皱落假丝酵母
  • Candida sagamina Nakase, M. Suzuki, Sugita, S.O. Suh & Komag.
  • Candida saitoana Nakase & M. Suzuki
  • 清酒假丝酵母 Candida sake (Saito & M. Ota) Uden & H.R. Buckley ex S.A. Mey. & Ahearn
  • Candida santamariae Montrocher
  • Candida saopauloensis Ruivo, Pagnocca, Lachance & C.A. Rosa
  • Candida savonica Sonck
  • Candida schatavii (Kock.-Krat. & Ondrush.) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida sequanensis Saëz & Rodr. Mir.
  • Candida sharkensis Fell, M.H. Gut., Statzell & Scorzetti
  • Candida silvanorum Van der Walt, Klift & D.B. Scott
  • Candida silvatica (Van der Walt, Klift & D.B. Scott) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • 森林假丝酵母 Candida silvicola
  • Candida silvicultrix Van der Walt, D.B. Scott & Klift
  • 中难假丝酵母 Candida sinolaborantium S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 大豆假丝酵母 Candida sojae Nakase, M. Suzuki, M. Takash., Yozo Miyak., Kagaya, Fukaz. & Komag.
  • Candida solani Lodder & Kreger-van Rij
  • Candida soli Okuma & Goto
  • Candida sonorensis (M.W. Mill., Phaff, M. Miranda, Heed & Starmer) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida sophiae-reginae C. Ramírez & A.E. González
  • Candida sorboxylosa Nakase
  • Candida spenceri Nakase, Jindam., Imanishi, Am-In, Ninomiya, H. Kawas. & Limtong
  • Candida spencermartinsiae Statzell, Scorzetti & Fell
  • 圆球形假丝酵母 Candida sphaerica
  • Candida sphagnicola Kachalkin & Yurkov
  • 萨卜哈释假丝酵母 Candida subhashii M. Groenew., Sigler & S.E. Richardson
  • Candida succicola Nakase, Jindam., Am-in & Limtong
  • Candida succiphila J.D. Lee & Komag.
  • Candida suecica Rodr. Mir. & Norkrans
  • Candida suthepensis Saks., M. Suzuki, Lumyong, Ohkuma & Chantaw.
  • 铃木假丝酵母 Candida suzukii G. Péter, Tornai-Leh., Fülöp & Dlauchy
  • Candida takamatsuzukensis Nagats., Kiyuna, R. Kigawa & Sugiy.
  • Candida tallmaniae J.Z. Groenew., M.T. Sm. & V. Robert
  • Candida tammaniensis Kurtzman & Robnett
  • 泰勒 Candida taylorii Statzell, Scorzetti & Fell
  • 泰姆诺珂假丝酵母 Candida temnochilae S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 纤维假丝酵母 Candida tenuis
  • Candida tetrigidarum S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw.
  • 蛾假丝酵母 Candida theae [16]
  • 西藏假丝酵母 Candida tibetensis F.Y. Bai & Z.W. Wu
  • Candida tocantinensis A.C. Barbosa, C.G. Morais, C.G. Morais, L.H. Rosa, Pimenta, Lachance & C.A. Rosa
  • Candida tocantinsensis A.C. Barbosa, Morais, Morais, C.A. Rosa, Pimenta, Lachance & C.A. Rosa
  • 忍耐假丝酵母 Candida tolerans
  • Candida torresii (Uden & Zobell) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow
  • Candida touchengensis Nakase, Jindam., Am-in & Limtong
  • 热带念珠菌 Candida tropicalis (Castell.) Berkhout，热带假丝酵母
  • Candida trypodendri Kurtzman & Robnett
  • 土屋假丝酵母 Candida tsuchiyae Nakase & M. Suzuki
  • Candida tumulicola Nagats., Kiyuna, R. Kigawa & Sugiy.
  • Candida tunisiensis Eddouzi, V. Hofst., M. Groenew., Manai & Sanglard
  • 阿坝塔苯斯假丝酵母 Candida ubatubensis Ruivo, Pagnocca, Lachance & C.A. Rosa
  • Candida ulmi Kurtzman
  • 产朊假丝酵母 Candida utilis
  • 粗状假丝酵母 Candida valida
  • Candida vartiovaarae (Capr.) Uden & H.R. Buckley
  • Candida vaughaniae J.Z. Groenew., M.T. Sm. & V. Robert
  • Candida vespimorsuum Padamsee, B.S. Weir, M.E. Petterson & P.K. Buchanan
  • Candida vini (J.N. Vallot ex Desm.) Uden & H.R. Buckley ex S.A. Mey. & Ahearn
  • 维斯假丝酵母 Candida viswanathii Sandu & H.S. Randhawa
  • Candida vrieseae Landell & P. Valente
  • Candida wancherniae Nakase, Jindam., Ninomiya, Imanishi & H. Kawas.
  • 五指山假丝酵母 Candida wuzhishanensis F.Y. Bai & Chen Wang bis
  • Candida xiaguanensis F.L. Hui, X.J. Liu, Y.C. Ren, L.L. Xu, Z.H. Yi & S.T. Liu
  • Candida xyloterini S.O. Suh & J.J. Zhou
  • 云南假丝酵母 Candida yunnanensis F.L. Hui & L.N. Huang
  • 增普琳假丝酵母 Candida zemplinina Sipiczki
  • 涎沫假丝酵母 Candida zeylanoides (Castell.) Langeron & Guerra

参考文献编辑

  1. ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors). Sherris Medical Microbiology 4th. McGraw Hill. 2004. ISBN 0838585299. 
  2. ^ Nguyen NH, Suh SO, Blackwell M. Five novel Candida species in insect-associated yeast clades isolated from Neuroptera and other insects. Mycologia. 2007, 99 (6): 842–858. doi:10.3852/mycologia.99.6.842. 
  3. ^ Suh SO, Nguyen NH, Blackwell M. Yeasts isolated from plant-associated beetles and other insects: seven novel Candida species near Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res. 2008, 8 (1): 88–102. PMID 17986254. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 d'Enfert C; Hube B (editors). Candida: Comparative and Functional Genomics. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 9781904455134. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Dubious "Yeast Allergies". [2009-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-13）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Mayoclinic.com. [2009-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-23）. 
  7. ^ Candida species. DoctorFungus.org. [2007-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-08）. 
  8. ^ Darwazeh A, Lamey P, Samaranayake L, MacFarlane T, Fisher B, Macrury S, MacCuish A. The relationship between colonisation, secretor status and in-vitro adhesion of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells from diabetics. J Med Microbiol. 1990, 33 (1): 43–9. PMID 2231671. 
  9. ^ Krone C, Elmer G, Ely J, Fudenberg H, Thoreson J. Does gastrointestinal Candida albicans prevent ubiquinone absorption?. Med Hypotheses. 2001, 57 (5): 570–2. PMID 11735312. doi:10.1054/mehy.2001.1410. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Efficacy of Candida oleophila strain 128 in preventing Penicillium Expansum infection in apricot fruit. Acta Hort. (ISHS). 1999, 485: 141–148 [2009-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-06）. 
  11. ^ Factsmart.org. [2009-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-31）. 
  12. ^ HealthnVitality.com. [2009-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-25）. 
  13. ^ Candida rugosa, an Emerging Fungal Pathogen with Resistance to Azoles: Geographic and Temporal Trends from the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program. J Clinical Microbiology. 2006, 44: 3578–3582 [2016-04-26]. doi:10.1128/jcm.00863-06. （原始内容存档于2010-07-08）. 
  14. ^ James, S. A.; Carvajal Barriga, E. J.; Bond, C. J.; Cross, K.; Nãºã±Ez, N. C.; Portero, P. B.; Roberts, I. N. Candida carvajalissp. Nov., an ascomycetous yeast species from the Ecuadorian Amazon jungle. FEMS Yeast Research. 2009, 9 (5): 784–788. PMID 19459983. doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00518.x. 
  15. ^ Guilherme M. Chaves, Gisela R. Terçarioli, Ana Carolina B. Padovan, Robert C. Rosas, Renata C. Ferreira, Analy S. A. Melo & Arnaldo L. Colombo (2013) Candida mesorugosa sp. nov., a novel yeast species similar to Candida rugosa, isolated from a tertiary hospital in Brazil, Medical Mycology, 51:3, 231-242, DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.710345
  16. ^ Chang, C. F.; Lin, Y. C.; Chen, S. F.; Carvajal Barriga, E. J.; Barahona, P. P.; James, S. A.; Bond, C. J.; Roberts, I. N.; Lee, C. F. Candida theae sp. nov., a new anamorphic beverage-associated member of the Lodderomyces clade. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2012, 153 (1–2): 10–14. PMID 22088606. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.09.012. 
取自“https:https://www.duhocchina.com/baike/index.php?lang=zh&q=念珠菌属&oldid=82333300”
🔥 Top keywords: Baike: 首页Special:搜索淚之女王不夠善良的我們逆天奇案2金智媛2024年花蓮地震921大地震金秀賢 (男演員)NewJeans破墓习近平承欢记背着善宰跑ILLIT閔熙珍春色寄情人BABYMONSTER乘風2024六四事件权威主义九龍城寨之圍城城市猎人排球少年！！HYBE顧立雄排球少年！！角色列表BOYNEXTDOOR末日愚者與鳳行宁安如梦美少女万华镜系列謝京穎德安傑洛·羅素迷宮飯Zico (歌手)鄭靚歆王美花劍星周處除三害 (電影)中華民國中华人民共和国机动战士GUNDAM SEED FREEDOMWIND BREAKER—防風少年—安東尼·布林肯幕府將軍 (2024年電視劇)Energy (組合)邊佑錫日本葬送的芙莉蓮Seventeen (組合)三体 (小说)LE SSERAFIM白鹿 (演員)笑看風雲支配物种无用的谎言老狐狸范雲 (臺灣)毛泽东臺灣地震列表逆天奇案香港張廖萬堅P站陈吉宁中華航空140號班機空難賭場風雲(G)I-DLE徐巧芯妮妃雅張書偉寄生獸：灰色部隊黃道十二宮葉丙成草榴社区怪獸8號搜查班長1958許美靜特技玩家打天下2林依晨戀愛兄妹范曾鈴木亮平神舟十八号張員瑛陳昊宇傅崐萁蔡奇李主儐朴成焄三流之路許瑋甯少年歌行习明泽文化大革命氣象戰 (電影)Twitter