中微子探测器

微中子探測器是觀測微中子的實驗設備。由於微中子只參與弱交互作用，一般探測器需要建造得夠大，以接收到足夠數量的微中子訊號。微中子探測器一般會選擇建造在地底深處，以屏蔽宇宙射線以及其它背景輻射。^[1]微中子天文學目前仍未成熟，現今已確認來自地球以外的訊號來源只有太陽和超新星SN 1987A。然而未來微中子觀測站將「為天文學家提供透析宇宙的展新視野」。^[2]

微中子的探測方法有許多種。

超級神岡探測器裝置是一個極大容積的50000吨纯水，並且在週圍設置了11200个光電倍增管。微中子入射後會產生的電子和μ子，光電管便可偵測電子、μ子所放出的契忍可夫輻射。
薩德伯里微中子觀測站的探測方法類似，然而他們使用1000吨重水作為介質。
MINOS（英语：MINOS）的探測器使用塑膠製的闪烁晶体，並且用光電管監控。

微中子觀測站编辑

神冈探测器（日本），启用于1983年。
超级神冈探测器（日本），1990年代在神冈探测器的基础上扩建。
薩德伯里微中子觀測站（加拿大），启用于1999年。
IceCube微中子觀測站（美国），启用于2010年。
江门地下中微子实验观测站（中国），计划于2020年启用。
巴克三微中子觀測所 (前苏联)，启用于1977年。
贝加尔湖深水中微子望远镜（英语：Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope），啟用於1993年

參見编辑

中微子实验列表（英语：List of neutrino experiments）

參考資料编辑

^ KENNETH CHANG. Tiny, Plentiful and Really Hard to Catch. The New York Times. April 26, 2005 [2011-06-16]. In 1987, astronomers counted 19 neutrinos from an explosion of a star in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud, 19 out of the billion trillion trillion trillion trillion neutrinos that flew from the supernova.
^ Ian Sample. The hunt for neutrinos in the Antarctic. The Guardian. 23 January 2011 [2011-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-27）. The $272m (£170m) IceCube instrument is not your typical telescope. Instead of collecting light from the stars, planets or other celestial objects, IceCube looks for ghostly particles called neutrinos that hurtle across space with high-energy cosmic rays. If all goes to plan, the observatory will reveal where these mysterious rays come from, and how they get to be so energetic. But that is just the start. Neutrino observatories such as IceCube will ultimately give astronomers fresh eyes with which to study the universe.

[twsP16-1] KENNETH CHANG. Tiny, Plentiful and Really Hard to Catch. The New York Times. April 26, 2005 [2011-06-16]. In 1987, astronomers counted 19 neutrinos from an explosion of a star in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud, 19 out of the billion trillion trillion trillion trillion neutrinos that flew from the supernova.

[twsP14-2] Ian Sample. The hunt for neutrinos in the Antarctic. The Guardian. 23 January 2011 [2011-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-27）. The $272m (£170m) IceCube instrument is not your typical telescope. Instead of collecting light from the stars, planets or other celestial objects, IceCube looks for ghostly particles called neutrinos that hurtle across space with high-energy cosmic rays. If all goes to plan, the observatory will reveal where these mysterious rays come from, and how they get to be so energetic. But that is just the start. Neutrino observatories such as IceCube will ultimately give astronomers fresh eyes with which to study the universe.

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