留聲機
(重定向自唱機)
留声机(phonograph)亦称唱机(gramophone),是一種可以發出唱片所記錄声音的机器。
其聲音儲存在以聲學方法在黑膠唱片平面上刻出的弧形刻槽內。聲音振動波形以雕刻、蝕刻、切割或壓印到旋轉圓柱或盤的表面的溝槽裏,稱為“記錄”。為了重新創造聲音,旋轉表面,使用針頭跟踪凹槽並因此被它振動,可以非常微弱地再現所記錄的聲音。在早期的聲學留聲機中,針頭振動了一個振膜,振膜產生的聲波通過喇叭,或通過聽診器式耳機直接傳播到聽眾的耳朵。
第一個留聲機最早於1877年由美國發明家爱迪生發明,而第一個使用唱片的留聲機於1888年由德裔美國發明家贝利纳首先演示。唱片後來逐漸取代了筒式留聲機,因為唱片能比較方便地大量複製,播放時間也比大多數筒形錄音介質長。
延伸閲讀编辑
- Bruil, Rudolf A. (January 8, 2004). "Linear Tonearms (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." Retrieved on July 25, 2011.
- Gelatt, Roland. The Fabulous Phonograph, 1877–1977. Second rev. ed., [being also the] First Collier Books ed., in series, Sounds of the Century. New York: Collier, 1977. 349 p., ill. ISBN 0-02-032680-7
- Heumann, Michael. "Metal Machine Music: The Phonograph's Voice and the Transformation of Writing (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
- Koenigsberg, Allen. The Patent History of the Phonograph, 1877–1912. APM Press, 1991.
- Reddie, Lovell N. The Gramophone And The Mechanical Recording And Reproduction Of Musical Sounds. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 1908: 209–231 [2009-08-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-15).
- Various. "Turntable [wiki]: Bibliography." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
- Weissenbrunner, Karin. "Experimental Turntablism: Historical overview of experiments with record players / records — or Scratches from Second-Hand Technology (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
外部連結编辑
- c.1915 Swiss hot-air engined gramophone (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at Museum of RetroTechnology
- Interactive sculpture delivers tactile soundwave experience (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Very early recordings from around the world (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- The Birth of the Recording Industry (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- The Cylinder Archive (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Cylinder Preservation & Digitization Project – Over 6,000 cylinder recordings held by the Department of Special Collections, University of California, Santa Barbara, free for download or streamed online.
- Cylinder players held at the British Library (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – information and high-quality images.
- History of Recorded Sound: Phonographs and Records
- EnjoytheMusic.com (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Excerpts from the book Hi-Fi All-New 1958 Edition
- Listen to early recordings on the Edison Phonograph (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Mario Frazzetto's Phonograph and Gramophone Gallery (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Say What? (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Essay on phonograph technology and intellectual property law
- Vinyl Engine (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Information, images, articles and reviews from around the world
- The Analogue Dept (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Information, images and tutorials; strongly focused on Thorens brand
- 45 rpm player and changer (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at work on YouTube
- Historic video footage of Edison operating his original tinfoil phonograph (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Turntable History on Enjoy the Music.com (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
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