同盟國佔領德國期間的強姦

同盟國佔領德國期間的強姦，指二戰結束後盟軍對德國女性的強姦，包括蘇軍、美軍、英軍和法軍。長期以來此事在國際媒體上鮮受關注。^[1]^[2]^[3]

蘇聯编辑

强奸主要發生在德国苏占区。約2,000,000婦女被蘇聯紅軍强奸^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] 。根據史學家William Hitchcock的著述，很多婦女被輪奸，有些多達六七十次^[8]。至少100,000名婦女在柏林被强奸^[6]，約10,000名婦女在之後死亡^[9]。

美國编辑

J. Robert Lilly 估計11,040名婦女被美軍强奸^[10]。D日美軍攻下法國後，繼續進攻德國，很多德國婦女在1945年被美軍強奸^[11]。

英國编辑

按Sean Longden著述，英軍有憲兵隊審查軍紀，定期處理强奸報告，强奸規模遠小於蘇聯紅軍，但依舊零星發生强奸案件^[12]。

他的著述提及1945年4月16日呂本山麓諾伊施塔特有3名婦女被英軍强奸^[12]。

法國编辑

Perry Biddiscombe援引原始檔案估計法軍在康斯坦茨作了385起强奸案，在布魯赫薩爾約600起，在弗羅伊登施塔特約500起^[13] 。三地總共約1,485起强奸。其他地區也有强奸傳聞，但數據不明。

引用文獻编辑

^ Allan Hall in Berlin. German women break their silence on horrors of Red Army rapes. Telegraph.co.uk. 24 October 2008 [10 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-28）.
^ Raped by the Red Army: Two million German women speak out. The Independent. [10 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-17）.
^ Susanne Beyer. Harrowing Memoir: German Woman Writes Ground-Breaking Account of WW2 Rape. Spiegel.de. [10 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-01）.
^ Heineman, Elizabeth. The Hour of the Woman: Memories of Germany's "Crisis Years" and West German National Identity. American Historical Review. 1996, 101 (2): 354–395. JSTOR 2170395. doi:10.2307/2170395.
^ Kuwert, P.; Freyberger, H. The unspoken secret: Sexual violence in World War II. International Psychogeriatrics. 2007, 19 (4): 782–784. PMID 17726764. doi:10.1017/S1041610207005376.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 BBC - History - World Wars: The Battle for Berlin in World War Two. Bbc.co.uk. [10 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-04）.
^ Heineman, Elizabeth. The Hour of the Woman: Memories of Germany's 'Crisis Years' and West German National Identity. Hanna Schissler (编). The Miracle Years: A Cultural History of West Germany, 1949–1968. Princeton University Press. 2001: 28 [27 January 2018]. ISBN 0-691-05820-2. （原始内容存档于2020-08-30）.
^ Hitchcock, William I. The Struggle for Europe: The Turbulent History of a Divided Continent, 1945 to the Present. Anchor Books. 2004 [2020-11-19]. ISBN 978-0-385-49799-2. （原始内容存档于2019-04-04）.
^ Atina Grossmann. A Question of Silence: The Rape of German Women by Occupation Soldiers October, Vol. 72, Berlin 1945: War and Rape "Liberators Take Liberties" (Spring, 1995), pp. 42–63 MIT Press
^ Taken by Force: Rape and American GIs in Europe during World War II. J Robert Lilly. ISBN 978-0-230-50647-3 p.12
^ Harrington, Carol (2010). Politicization of Sexual Violence: From Abolitionism to Peacekeeping. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） London: Ashgate. pp. 80–81. ISBN 0-7546-7458-4.
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 Longden, Sean. To the Victor the Spoils. Little, Brown Book Group. 25 July 2013: 140–141. ISBN 978-1-4721-1218-7.
^ Biddiscombe, Perry. Dangerous Liaisons: The Anti-Fraternization Movement in the U.S. Occupation Zones of Germany and Austria, 1945–1948. Journal of Social History. 2001, 34 (3): 635. JSTOR 3789820. doi:10.1353/jsh.2001.0002.

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