纽约：修订间差异

纽约位於[[美國東北部]]，濱臨[[大西洋]]海岸，坐拥世界上最大天然港口之一的[[纽约和紐澤西港]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-earth-was-made/videos/new-york-harbor#new-york-harbor|title=How The Earth Was Made|publisher=A&E Television Networks, LLC|accessdate=2011-09-19|archive-date=2017-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803181317/http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-earth-was-made/videos/new-york-harbor#new-york-harbor|dead-url=no}}</ref>。纽约市共有[[曼哈頓|曼哈頓区]]、[[皇后区]]、[[布魯克林|布魯克林区]]、[[布朗克斯|布朗克斯區]]、[[史泰登島|斯塔滕岛区]]等5个[[行政區 (紐約市)|行政區]]，每一个行政区也各自是纽约州的一个{{link-en|紐約州行政區劃|Administrative divisions of New York (state)|县}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_NYBOROUGHS.html|title=Boroughs of New York City|publisher=Ben Cahoon|year=2002|accessdate=2012-02-03|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211145920/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_NYBOROUGHS.html|archivedate=2012-02-11}}

</ref>。1898年，五个行政区合并为现在的纽约市<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|title=A 5-Borough Centennial Preface for Katharine Bement Davis Mini-History|publisher=The New York City Department of Correction|year=1997|accessdate=2011-10-26|archive-date=2011-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023193440/http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。紐約也是全美國人口最密集的主要城市<ref name="density2">[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=gct&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-25|US-25S&-_lang=en ''County and City Data Book:2007'' (U.S. Census Bureau), Table B-1, Area and Population] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202055938/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=gct&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-25%7CUS-25S&-_lang=en |date=2010-12-02 }}, Retrieved July 12, 2008.</ref>，2012年有8,336,697人居住于{{convert|302.64|sqmi|km2}}的土地上<ref name=census-est-nyc-ny>{{cite web | url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/3651000.html | title=U.S. Census Bureau 2012 estimate: NYC & NY | accessdate=2013-07-10 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720153020/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/3651000.html | archivedate=2014-07-20 }}

|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/nyregion/29lost.html?hpw

|title=Listening to (and Saving) the World's Languages

纽约一直以来便是外国移民入境美国的[[口岸]]，在1892年至1924年间就有超过1200万[[欧裔美国人|欧洲移民]]经由[[埃利斯岛]]入境美国<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellis Island strives to tell more complete immigration story |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-09-23-ellis-island_N.htm |accessdate=2013-02-04 |author=Charisse Jones |date=2008-09-24 |publisher=USA Today |archive-date=2012-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628114746/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-09-23-ellis-island_N.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。“大熔炉”一词最早便被用于形容[[下东城]]许多移民密集居住的街区。至1900年，[[德裔美国人|德国人]]成为纽约最大的移民团体，其次为[[爱尔兰裔美国人|爱尔兰人]]、[[阿什肯纳兹犹太人|犹太人]]和[[意大利裔美国人|意大利人]]<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=New York City#Population|volume=19 |page=617 }}</ref>。1940年，白人占全市人口的92%<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-date=2017-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402232143/https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

 

 

纽约极具种族多元<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Impact of Recent Immigration on the London Economy |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/geographyAndEnvironment/research/london/pdf/theimpactofrecentimmigrationonthelondoneconomy.pdf |accessdate=2013-09-08 |author=Ian Gordon, Tony Travers, and Christine Whitehead, London School of Economics and Political Science |date=July 2007 |publisher=The City of London Corporation |archive-date=2013-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103215900/http://www.lse.ac.uk/geographyAndEnvironment/research/London/pdf/theImpactofRecentImmigrationOnTheLondonEconomy.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>，[[以色列]]之外最大的[[美国犹太人|犹太社区]]即位于此<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Jewish Population |url=http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/world-jewish-population.htm |accessdate=2012-09-02 |publisher=SimpleToRemember.com – Judaism Online |archive-date=2020-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517231057/https://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/world-jewish-population.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>，同时有全国20%的[[印度裔美国人|印度裔]]人口和至少20个小印度区，全国15%的[[韩裔美国人|韩裔]]人口和四个{{Link-en|曼哈顿韩国街|Koreatown, Manhattan|韩国街}}<ref name="factfinder2.census">{{Cite web |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Geography: New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1 |accessdate=2012-09-02 |archive-date=2014-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204715/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Geography: United States |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1 |accessdate=2012-09-02 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=2014-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204715/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1 |dead-url=no }}</ref>；西半球最多的印度裔人口，全美最多的[[俄裔美国人|俄裔]]<ref name=autogenerated1 />、[[意大利裔美国人|意大利裔]]、[[非裔美国人|非裔]]和[[南美洲|南美裔]]<ref name=autogenerated1 />及第二多的[[拉丁裔美国人|拉丁裔]]人口；单单在纽约市内就有六个[[唐人街]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html?scp=1&sq=asians&st=cse |title=Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers |author=Kirk Semple |date=2011-06-23 |publisher=The New York Times Company |accessdate=2012-09-02 |archive-date=2021-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203054728/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html?scp=1&sq=asians&st=cse |dead-url=no }}</ref>，2010年统计都市区内的海外华人人口为682,265<ref name="factfinder2.census" />，为亚洲外最多<ref name="queensbuzz">{{Cite web |title=Chinese New Year 2012 in Flushing |url=http://www.queensbuzz.com/flushing-neighborhood-corona-neighborhood-cms-302 |accessdate=2013-04-02 |date=2012-01-25 |publisher=QueensBuzz.com |archive-date=2013-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526023036/http://www.queensbuzz.com/flushing-neighborhood-corona-neighborhood-cms-302 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。[[曼哈顿华埠]]以及新生的[[布鲁克林华埠]]和[[法拉盛华埠]]持续繁荣，[[華裔美国人|華人]]也在持续迁入纽约和邻近地区<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2 |url=http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm |accessdate=2013-02-24 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security |archive-date=2012-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808080130/http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2 |url=http://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents |accessdate=2013-03-24 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security |archive-date=2015-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624030947/http://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2 |url=http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm |accessdate=2013-02-24 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security |archive-date=2012-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712200141/https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-05-09/news/29541916_1_illegal-chinese-immigrants-qm2-queen-mary |title=Malaysian man smuggled illegal Chinese immigrants into Brooklyn using Queen Mary 2: authorities |author=John Marzulli |date=2011-05-09 |publisher=The New York Daily News |accessdate=2013-02-24 |location=New York |archive-date=2015-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505034445/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/malaysian-man-smuggled-illegal-chinese-immigrants-brooklyn-queen-mary-2-authorities-article-1.143516 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>。来自中國的人口在纽约是增長最迅速的。

[[File:Butler Library - 1000px - AC.jpg|缩略图|[[哥倫比亞大學]]巴特勒圖書館]]

[[File:NYU's Bobst library-2.jpg|缩略图|左|[[纽约大学]]圖書館]]

 

纽约还是许多知名私立大学的所在地，其中包括[[巴纳德学院]]、[[哥伦比亚大学]]、[[库伯联盟学院]]、[[福坦莫大学]]、[[纽约大学]]、[[纽约科技学院]]、[[佩斯大学]]和[[叶史瓦大学]]等。公立[[纽约市立大学]]系统是全美最大的大学系统之一，其中包括许多本科学院和[[社区学院]]。此外纽约还有一些规模较小的私立学院和大学，其中包括宗教学校和专业学校，例如[[圣若望大学]]、[[朱利亚德学院]]、[[曼哈顿学院]]、{{Link-en|蒙特圣文森学院|College of Mount Saint Vincent}}、[[新学院]]、[[普瑞特艺术学院|普瑞特学院]]、[[视觉艺术学院 (纽约)|视觉艺术学院]]和[[瓦格纳学院]]。